{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225234067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","title":"Cognitive impairment, medial temporal lobe changes, and fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and neurodegeneration following herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis","display_name":"Cognitive impairment, medial temporal lobe changes, and fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and neurodegeneration following herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225234067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140755874","display_name":"Alzheimer s Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1758-9193","issn":["1758-9193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018248950","display_name":"Eske Christiane Gertje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eske Christiane Gertje","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017577398","display_name":"Anja N\u00e4\u00e4s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-3518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-3518"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja N\u00e4\u00e4s","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073478649","display_name":"Danielle van Westen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-9874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-9874"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle van Westen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059352708","display_name":"Anika Wuestefeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-3388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-3388"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anika Wuestefeld","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083219599","display_name":"Shorena Janelidze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-8378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-8378"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shorena Janelidze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024645775","display_name":"Erik Stomrud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-5580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-5580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Stomrud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160609206","display_name":"Silvia Schliamser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Schliamser","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160609237","display_name":"Laura Elske Maria Wisse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Elske Maria Wisse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012107895","display_name":"Gustav Torisson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-2068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-2068"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustav Torisson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023889784","display_name":"Sebastian Palmqvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-1930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-1930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Palmqvist","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049277633","display_name":"Oskar Hansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-7286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-7286"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oskar Hansson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090268339","display_name":"Gabriel Westman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-772X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-772X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Westman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045343267","display_name":"Niklas Mattsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-7724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-7724"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4290},"apc_paid":{"value":4290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85991303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.6366999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.6366999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.14749999344348907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.06949999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83455156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615","display_name":"Encephalitis","level":3,"score":0.7853000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781196997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655331","display_name":"Herpes simplex virus","level":3,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744385","display_name":"Temporal lobe","level":3,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6577000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520","display_name":"Atrophy","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3053951","display_name":"Viral encephalitis","level":4,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16918461","display_name":"Autoimmune encephalitis","level":4,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776159415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6868","display_name":"Varicella zoster virus","level":3,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779889316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642836","display_name":"Neuroradiology","level":3,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146638467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10529587","display_name":"Hyperintensity","level":3,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536788834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002588","display_name":"Neuropsychological assessment","level":4,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776409557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149348","display_name":"Herpesviridae","level":4,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620189","display_name":"Brain biopsy","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779281540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062122","display_name":"Central nervous system disease","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140755874","display_name":"Alzheimer s Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1758-9193","issn":["1758-9193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02245-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140755874","display_name":"Alzheimer s Research & Therapy","issn_l":"1758-9193","issn":["1758-9193"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Herpesvirus":[2],"encephalitis":[3,74,183,207,223,247],"is":[4],"a":[5,86,379,389],"severe":[6,241],"brain":[7,53,130],"infection,":[8],"in":[9,65,205,279,289,302,355],"adults":[10],"most":[11],"often":[12],"caused":[13],"by":[14,117,399],"herpes":[15,40,69],"simplex":[16,70],"virus":[17,41,71],"type":[18,72],"1":[19,73],"(HSV-1).":[20],"It":[21],"predominantly":[22],"affects":[23],"the":[24,110,194,206,246,290,337,392,409],"medial":[25],"temporal":[26],"lobes":[27],"(MTL),":[28],"which":[29],"are":[30,405],"critical":[31],"for":[32],"memory":[33,229,250],"functions.":[34],"Links":[35],"have":[36],"been":[37],"discussed":[38],"between":[39,318,325],"infections":[42],"and":[43,55,61,104,144,164,232,273,284,297,306,321,327,411],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[44],"disease":[45],"(AD).":[46],"We":[47],"therefore":[48],"investigated":[49],"cognitive":[50,101,328,357,386,414],"function,":[51],"structural":[52,382],"changes,":[54],"fluid":[56],"biomarkers":[57,151],"related":[58,373],"to":[59,193,215,237,311,374,384,407],"AD":[60,106,243,280,303,397],"other":[62,201],"neurodegenerative":[63],"processes":[64],"individuals":[66],"with":[67,79,220,254,294,340,352,359,364],"previous":[68],"(HSE).":[75],"Methods":[76],"Eleven":[77],"patients":[78,108,224,339,393],"prior":[80],"HSE":[81,320,349],"were":[82,115,132,168,276,287,309,330,371],"retrospectively":[83],"identified":[84],"using":[85,121,134,170],"clinical":[87],"CSF":[88,122,400],"laboratory":[89],"database.":[90],"Control":[91],"groups":[92],"included":[93],"44":[94,99],"cognitively":[95],"unimpaired":[96],"(CU)":[97],"individuals,":[98,222],"mild":[100],"impairment":[102,251],"(MCI),":[103],"22":[105],"dementia":[107],"from":[109,210],"Swedish":[111],"BioFINDER-2":[112],"study.":[113],"Groups":[114],"stratified":[116],"amyloid-\u03b2":[118],"(A\u03b2)":[119],"status":[120],"A\u03b242/A\u03b240.":[123],"All":[124],"participants":[125],"underwent":[126],"neuropsychological":[127],"testing.":[128],"Structural":[129],"changes":[131],"assessed":[133,256],"7T":[135],"or":[136],"3T":[137],"MRI":[138,203],"including":[139],"visual":[140],"evaluation":[141],"of":[142,147,336,381,391,396,413],"lesions":[143],"automated":[145],"segmentation":[146],"MTL":[148,213,257,268,376],"subregions.":[149],"Plasma":[150,282],"(tau":[152],"phosphorylated":[153],"at":[154],"position":[155],"217":[156],"(p-tau217),":[157],"p-tau181,":[158],"glial":[159],"fibrillary":[160],"acidic":[161],"protein":[162],"(GFAP),":[163],"neurofilament":[165],"light":[166],"(NfL))":[167],"measured":[169],"immunoassays.":[171],"Results":[172],"The":[173,182],"mean":[174],"follow-up":[175],"time":[176,366],"since":[177,367],"infection":[178],"was":[179,191,252,314,350],"6.5":[180],"years.":[181],"group":[184,197,208],"(mean":[185],"age":[186],"49":[187],"years,":[188],"55%":[189],"females)":[190],"age-matched":[192],"CU":[195,221,272,296],"A\u03b2-":[196],"but":[198,239,275,299],"younger":[199],"than":[200,242,278,301],"groups.":[202],"findings":[204,370],"ranged":[209],"marked":[211],"unilateral":[212],"atrophy":[214,258],"no":[216,331],"visible":[217],"changes.":[218],"Compared":[219],"showed":[225],"significantly":[226,316],"impaired":[227],"episodic":[228,249],"(delayed":[230],"recall)":[231],"lower":[233,300],"global":[234],"cognition,":[235],"comparable":[236],"MCI":[238,274],"less":[240],"dementia.":[244,281,304],"Within":[245],"group,":[248],"associated":[253,351,363],"visually":[255],"(":[259],"p":[260],"=":[261],"0.0185).":[262],"In":[263],"hemispheres":[264],"without":[265],"gross":[266],"atrophy,":[267,377],"subregional":[269],"volumes":[270],"resembled":[271],"larger":[277],"p-tau217":[283],"GFAP":[285,326],"levels":[286,308],"elevated":[288],"full":[291],"HSE-group":[292],"compared":[293],"A\u03b2-negative":[295,319,322],"MCI,":[298],"P-tau181":[305],"NfL":[307],"similar":[310],"CU.":[312,323],"P-tau217":[313],"not":[315],"different":[317],"Associations":[324],"performance":[329],"longer":[332,365],"significant":[333],"after":[334],"exclusion":[335],"two":[338],"Fazekas":[341],"grade":[342],"3":[343],"white":[344],"matter":[345],"lesions.":[346],"Conclusions":[347],"Previous":[348],"substantial":[353],"heterogeneity":[354],"long-term":[356,385],"performance,":[358],"poorer":[360],"delayed":[361],"recall":[362],"infection.":[368],"Cognitive":[369],"also":[372],"focal":[375],"supporting":[378],"contribution":[380],"injury":[383],"outcomes.":[387],"Only":[388],"minority":[390],"had":[394],"signs":[395],"pathology":[398],"biomarkers.":[401],"Larger":[402],"longitudinal":[403],"studies":[404],"needed":[406],"determine":[408],"trajectories":[410],"mechanisms":[412],"change":[415],"following":[416],"HSE.":[417]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
