{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225229919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","title":"Effects of Soil Amendment Application on Soil Quality in Saline\u2013Alkali Land: A Meta-Analysis","display_name":"Effects of Soil Amendment Application on Soil Quality in Saline\u2013Alkali Land: A Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225229919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16212415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160590963","display_name":"Hanjing He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016505336","display_name":"Ming Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0086-041X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0086-041X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0086-041X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054726551","display_name":"Alimu Abulaiti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alimu Abulaiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122381601","display_name":"Youwei Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youwei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154102098","display_name":"Fanfeng Dang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanfeng Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016505336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81620763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"2415","last_page":"2415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13740","display_name":"Soil Science and Environmental Management","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saline-alkali-soil","display_name":"saline-alkali soil","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-quality","display_name":"soil quality","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-salinization","display_name":"soil salinization","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-alkalization","display_name":"soil alkalization","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humic-acid","display_name":"humic acid","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphogypsum","display_name":"phosphogypsum","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flue-gas-desulfurization-gypsum","display_name":"flue gas desulfurization gypsum","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmyard-manure","display_name":"farmyard manure","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchangeable-sodium-percentage","display_name":"exchangeable sodium percentage","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-adsorption-ratio","display_name":"sodium adsorption ratio","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-salinity","display_name":"soil salinity","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nutrient-availability","display_name":"soil nutrient availability","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulk-density","display_name":"bulk density","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-effects","display_name":"precipitation effects","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-degradation","display_name":"land degradation","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779184190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269627","display_name":"Amendment","level":2,"score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776475172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034420","display_name":"Soil quality","level":3,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162902727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2842710","display_name":"Soil conditioner","level":3,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154759","display_name":"Soil organic matter","level":3,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776332401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553296","display_name":"Sodium adsorption ratio","level":4,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141650431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754836","display_name":"Soil salinity","level":3,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93973069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899249","display_name":"Bulk density","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992136107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104856566","display_name":"Soil nutrients","level":3,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160934017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10926413","display_name":"Soil type","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775878893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539815","display_name":"Organic fertilizer","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85675897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554944","display_name":"Soil management","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16212415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture16212415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16212415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8125,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328897","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/02vtvez67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405623925","https://openalex.org/W3215963256","https://openalex.org/W4214828180","https://openalex.org/W4380887018","https://openalex.org/W2352935324","https://openalex.org/W7153485444","https://openalex.org/W7214767271","https://openalex.org/W2065735731","https://openalex.org/W4386840821","https://openalex.org/W2355948050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"salinization":[1],"and":[2,10,44,47,50,63,79,91,99,128,137,154,164,189,195,211,223,242,276,278,305],"alkalization":[3],"are":[4,13],"major":[5],"forms":[6],"of":[7,20,30,174,236,256],"land":[8],"degradation,":[9],"soil":[11,34,115,140,155,178,208,257,293,303],"amendments":[12,32,88,198,202,216],"commonly":[14],"used":[15],"to":[16,26],"improve":[17],"the":[18,28,175,232,252],"quality":[19],"saline\u2013alkali":[21,38],"soils.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"aimed":[25],"quantify":[27],"effects":[29],"different":[31],"on":[33,301],"physicochemical":[35],"properties":[36],"in":[37,40,56,73,105,172,186,192,207,221],"soils":[39],"China,":[41],"compare":[42],"single":[43,181,240],"mixed":[45,246],"applications,":[46],"identify":[48],"environmental":[49,307],"management":[51],"factors":[52],"associated":[53],"with":[54,108,291],"variations":[55],"their":[57],"effects.":[58],"A":[59],"systematic":[60],"literature":[61],"search":[62],"screening":[64],"process":[65],"identified":[66,229],"223":[67],"eligible":[68],"datasets":[69],"from":[70,76],"studies":[71],"conducted":[72],"China.":[74],"Data":[75],"amended":[77],"treatments":[78,283],"corresponding":[80],"unamended":[81,109],"controls":[82],"were":[83],"synthesized":[84],"using":[85],"meta-analysis.":[86],"The":[87],"included":[89],"organic":[90,156,201,212,258],"inorganic":[92,215],"materials,":[93],"such":[94],"as":[95,231],"humic":[96],"acid,":[97],"phosphogypsum,":[98],"desulfurization":[100],"gypsum,":[101],"applied":[102,199],"individually":[103],"or":[104],"mixtures.":[106],"Compared":[107],"controls,":[110],"amendment":[111],"application":[112,243,263],"significantly":[113],"decreased":[114],"pH,":[116],"salt":[117,193],"content":[118,194],"(SC),":[119],"exchangeable":[120,288],"sodium":[121,124,289],"percentage":[122],"(ESP),":[123],"adsorption":[125],"ratio":[126],"(SAR),":[127],"bulk":[129],"density":[130],"(BD)":[131],"by":[132,160],"2.8%,":[133],"12.4%,":[134],"27.2%,":[135],"44.4%,":[136],"6.6%,":[138],"respectively;":[139],"nutrient":[141,209,274],"levels":[142],"increased":[143,159],"significantly:":[144],"available":[145,148,151,187],"nitrogen":[146,188],"(AN),":[147],"phosphorus":[149],"(AP),":[150],"potassium":[152],"(AK),":[153],"carbon":[157,259],"(SOC)":[158],"33.9%,":[161],"42.3%,":[162],"20.7%,":[163],"20.5%,":[165],"respectively.":[166],"Mixed":[167],"applications":[168,182,241],"showed":[169,204,218],"greater":[170,184,190],"improvements":[171],"six":[173],"nine":[176],"evaluated":[177],"properties,":[179],"whereas":[180,214,281],"produced":[183],"increases":[185,206],"reductions":[191,220],"SAR.":[196,224],"Among":[197],"individually,":[200],"generally":[203,217],"larger":[205,219],"availability":[210,275],"carbon,":[213],"ESP":[222],"Additionally,":[225],"random":[226],"forest":[227],"analysis":[228],"precipitation":[230],"most":[233,253],"important":[234,254],"predictor":[235,255],"salt-content":[237],"responses":[238,260],"under":[239,245,261],"amount":[244,249],"applications.":[247],"Application":[248],"was":[250],"also":[251],"both":[262],"strategies.":[264],"Overall,":[265],"farmyard":[266],"manure":[267],"is":[268],"a":[269],"promising":[270],"option":[271],"for":[272],"increasing":[273],"SOC":[277],"reducing":[279],"BD,":[280],"inorganic\u2013organic":[282],"merit":[284],"consideration":[285],"where":[286],"excessive":[287],"coincides":[290],"poor":[292],"fertility.":[294],"Amendment":[295],"selection":[296],"should":[297],"therefore":[298],"be":[299],"based":[300],"specific":[302],"conditions":[304],"local":[306],"characteristics.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}