{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225224468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","title":"Factors associated with TyG-BMI among pre-frail older adults: a cross-sectional study using multiple linear regression and decision tree analysis","display_name":"Factors associated with TyG-BMI among pre-frail older adults: a cross-sectional study using multiple linear regression and decision tree analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225224468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160619386","display_name":"Xianhui Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113348","display_name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/024v0gx67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianhui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160682612","display_name":"Lingling Pang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113348","display_name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/024v0gx67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160613406","display_name":"Meiqiong Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107865","display_name":"Wuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vv37n49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107865"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiqiong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gongren Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gongren Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159124560","display_name":"Linlin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113348","display_name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/024v0gx67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160669072","display_name":"Yi Qin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113348","display_name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/024v0gx67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160615505","display_name":"Ling Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113348","display_name":"Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/024v0gx67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.13 Wuhe Avenue, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160615505","https://openalex.org/A5160669072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113348"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8753443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.6401000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":0.27489998936653137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188321436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826488","display_name":"General linear model","level":3,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144301174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7893852","display_name":"Univariate analysis","level":3,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137345334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303350","display_name":"Recursive partitioning","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64946054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874476","display_name":"Bayesian multivariate linear regression","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183905921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038757","display_name":"Multiple comparisons problem","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5481197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476","display_name":"Decision tree learning","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70519679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6666755","display_name":"Log-linear model","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90157343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188196","display_name":"Cross-sectional regression","level":4,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78961-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"TyG-BMI":[0,62,201,266],"is":[1],"a":[2,42],"surrogate":[3],"marker":[4],"associated":[5,14,60,156,264],"with":[6,61,157,174,265],"insulin":[7],"resistance":[8],"and":[9,36,67,74,80,93,109,122,130,151,180,186,225,246,267,277,286],"metabolic":[10,23],"status.":[11],"Characterizing":[12],"its":[13],"factors":[15,59,263],"among":[16,271],"pre-frail":[17,272],"older":[18,273],"adults":[19,47],"may":[20],"help":[21],"describe":[22,237],"variation":[24],"in":[25,190],"this":[26],"population.":[27],"Using":[28],"baseline":[29],"data":[30],"from":[31],"the":[32,127,144,161,177,197,204,208,215,231,243,284],"2015":[33],"China":[34],"Health":[35],"Retirement":[37],"Longitudinal":[38],"Study,":[39],"we":[40],"conducted":[41],"cross-sectional":[43,260],"analysis":[44,96],"of":[45,105,183,253,255,289],"2249":[46],"aged":[48],"\u2265":[49],"60":[50],"years":[51],"classified":[52,119],"as":[53,176,251],"pre-frail.":[54],"We":[55],"aimed":[56],"to":[57,68,87,99,126,137,282],"examine":[58,88],"using":[63,72],"multiple":[64,81],"linear":[65,82],"regression":[66,75,83,165],"explore":[69],"subgroup":[70,195,206,269],"patterns":[71,270],"classification":[73],"tree":[76,169],"analysis.":[77],"Univariate":[78],"analyses":[79],"(MLR)":[84],"were":[85,118,135,154],"used":[86,98,136],"associations":[89],"between":[90,140,239],"participant":[91],"characteristics":[92],"TyG-BMI.":[94,158],"CRT":[95],"was":[97,218],"identify":[100],"subgroups":[101],"defined":[102,241],"by":[103,242],"combinations":[104],"demographic,":[106],"residential,":[107],"family,":[108],"social":[110,187],"characteristics.":[111],"For":[112],"an":[113],"exploratory":[114,268],"discrimination":[115,139,238],"analysis,":[116],"participants":[117],"into":[120],"high-":[121],"low-TyG-BMI":[123],"groups":[124,240],"according":[125],"sample":[128,244],"median,":[129],"receiver":[131],"operating":[132],"characteristic":[133],"curves":[134],"evaluate":[138],"these":[141,290],"groups.":[142],"In":[143],"MLR":[145,224],"model,":[146],"weight,":[147],"waist":[148],"circumference,":[149],"gender,":[150],"C-reactive":[152],"protein":[153],"statistically":[155],"Weight":[159],"had":[160,196,207],"largest":[162],"positive":[163],"standardized":[164],"coefficient.":[166],"The":[167,193,211],"decision":[168,232],"identified":[170],"seven":[171],"terminal":[172],"subgroups,":[173],"gender":[175],"root":[178],"node":[179],"residence,":[181],"number":[182],"living":[184],"children,":[185],"interaction":[188],"appearing":[189],"subsequent":[191],"splits.":[192],"PCOA-6":[194],"highest":[198],"observed":[199],"mean":[200],"(243.77),":[202],"whereas":[203],"PCOA-2":[205],"lowest":[209],"(194.92).":[210],"apparent":[212],"area":[213],"under":[214],"ROC":[216],"curve":[217],"0.873":[219],"(95%":[220,227],"CI":[221,228],"0.859~0.888)":[222],"for":[223,230],"0.605":[226],"0.582~0.629)":[229],"tree.":[233],"These":[234],"AUC":[235],"values":[236],"median":[245],"should":[247],"not":[248],"be":[249],"interpreted":[250],"evidence":[252],"prediction":[254],"future":[256],"clinical":[257,287],"outcomes.":[258],"This":[259],"study":[261],"characterizes":[262],"adults.":[274],"Independent":[275],"validation":[276],"longitudinal":[278],"studies":[279],"are":[280],"needed":[281],"assess":[283],"reproducibility":[285],"relevance":[288],"findings.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}