{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225205658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","title":"Coupled outward and inward oxide growth during metal oxidation","display_name":"Coupled outward and inward oxide growth during metal oxidation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225205658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42975928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2607434123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110570221","display_name":"Zhilu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-0473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-0473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhilu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-0473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038875735","display_name":"Xianhu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-2950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-2950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianhu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-2950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101136084","display_name":"Dongxiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083538029","display_name":"Ruyue Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-6523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-6523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruyue Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160469002","display_name":"Yupeng Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108936170","display_name":"Yueze Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueze Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160418242","display_name":"Lijun Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160524183","display_name":"Jianyu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333939","display_name":"Xiaobo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-2926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-2926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090485801","display_name":"Shuonan Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2571-3573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2571-3573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuonan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032792310","display_name":"Shyam Bharatkumar Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-7918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-7918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Bharatkumar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-7918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457454","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-4016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-4016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039222","display_name":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/035xqz322","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-4016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034130133","display_name":"Xiao Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-9677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-9677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039222","display_name":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/035xqz322","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054131257","display_name":"Kim Kisslinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-7044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-7044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039222","display_name":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/035xqz322","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Kisslinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056379090","display_name":"Dmitri N. Zakharov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-4812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-4812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039222","display_name":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/035xqz322","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitri N. Zakharov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-4812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671232","display_name":"Yimei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-7217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-7217","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-5236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-7217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160410832","display_name":"Long-Qing Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long-Qing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112571005","display_name":"Judith C. Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-3864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-3864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039222","display_name":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials","ror":"https://ror.org/035xqz322","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith C. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I4390039222"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009173681","display_name":"Guangwen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-293X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-293X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangwen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-293X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009173681","https://openalex.org/A5038875735","https://openalex.org/A5083538029","https://openalex.org/A5101136084","https://openalex.org/A5110570221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342","https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6935578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"123","issue":"45","first_page":"e2607434123","last_page":"e2607434123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11907","display_name":"Copper-based nanomaterials and applications","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11907","display_name":"Copper-based nanomaterials and applications","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10626","display_name":"High-Temperature Coating Behaviors","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-oxidation","display_name":"metal oxidation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide-scale-growth","display_name":"oxide scale growth","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-oxidation","display_name":"copper oxidation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu2o","display_name":"Cu2O","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-diffusion","display_name":"cation diffusion","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anion-diffusion","display_name":"anion diffusion","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacancy-injection","display_name":"vacancy injection","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-mass-transport","display_name":"interfacial mass transport","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buried-oxide-interface","display_name":"buried oxide interface","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-incorporation","display_name":"oxygen incorporation","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidation-kinetics","display_name":"oxidation kinetics","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-defects","display_name":"point defects","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-state-phase-transformation","display_name":"solid-state phase transitions","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.810699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183882617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046749","display_name":"Cationic polymerization","level":2,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106773901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19588","display_name":"Transition metal","level":3,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146088050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818","display_name":"Transmission electron microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114221277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899743","display_name":"Vacancy defect","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993864201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7873","display_name":"Oxygen transport","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15696416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027666","display_name":"Surface diffusion","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778688070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25303911","display_name":"Complex oxide","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777697756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721849","display_name":"Iron oxide","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779194328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047905","display_name":"Internal oxidation","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2607434123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42975928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42975928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2607434123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607434123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mg91w61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116278420","https://openalex.org/W1562142368","https://openalex.org/W1940762675","https://openalex.org/W1965179886","https://openalex.org/W1971951390","https://openalex.org/W1972372649","https://openalex.org/W1975539508","https://openalex.org/W1979848727","https://openalex.org/W1983908608","https://openalex.org/W1985010989","https://openalex.org/W1993103894","https://openalex.org/W2010840962","https://openalex.org/W2012444242","https://openalex.org/W2023140555","https://openalex.org/W2029943555","https://openalex.org/W2043538820","https://openalex.org/W2048761220","https://openalex.org/W2051206281","https://openalex.org/W2077515096","https://openalex.org/W2086371452","https://openalex.org/W2096946885","https://openalex.org/W2126274135","https://openalex.org/W2161209649","https://openalex.org/W2299913245","https://openalex.org/W2304627192","https://openalex.org/W2312617866","https://openalex.org/W2558753043","https://openalex.org/W2610516812","https://openalex.org/W2613924379","https://openalex.org/W2767222810","https://openalex.org/W2781864300","https://openalex.org/W2788194515","https://openalex.org/W2885500262","https://openalex.org/W3043370184","https://openalex.org/W4237129161","https://openalex.org/W4288051983","https://openalex.org/W4401359738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980437102","https://openalex.org/W4400999082","https://openalex.org/W4401216368","https://openalex.org/W2738655248","https://openalex.org/W3096948657","https://openalex.org/W2071114032","https://openalex.org/W2034380283","https://openalex.org/W2006561434","https://openalex.org/W2294047693","https://openalex.org/W2074801499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metal":[0],"oxidation":[1,52,64,175],"is":[2],"traditionally":[3],"described":[4],"as":[5,159],"a":[6,50,109,142,160,170],"dichotomy:":[7],"oxide":[8,33,73,106,126],"scales":[9],"grow":[10],"either":[11],"outward":[12],"via":[13,18],"cation":[14,102],"diffusion":[15],"or":[16],"inward":[17,121,152],"anion":[19],"diffusion,":[20],"with":[21],"the":[22,27,32,63,77,86,95,115,129],"dominant":[23],"pathway":[24],"determined":[25],"by":[26],"prevailing":[28],"point":[29],"defects":[30],"in":[31,55,145,182],"lattice.":[34],"Here,":[35],"we":[36],"demonstrate":[37],"that":[38],"these":[39],"two":[40],"modes":[41],"are":[42],"not":[43],"mutually":[44],"exclusive":[45],"but":[46],"intrinsically":[47],"coupled":[48],"within":[49],"single":[51],"process.":[53],"Using":[54],"situ":[56],"environmental":[57],"transmission":[58],"electron":[59],"microscopy":[60],"to":[61],"monitor":[62],"of":[65,98,112,163],"copper\u2014a":[66],"canonical":[67],"cationic":[68,136,148],"system\u2014we":[69],"directly":[70,150],"visualize":[71],"simultaneous":[72],"propagation":[74],"at":[75,128],"both":[76],"O":[78,82],"2":[79,81,89],"/Cu":[80],"surface":[83,105,147],"interface":[84],"and":[85,124,137,177],"buried":[87,130],"Cu":[88],"O/Cu":[90],"interface.":[91,131],"Complementary":[92],"simulations":[93],"reveal":[94],"mechanistic":[96,171],"origin":[97],"this":[99,167],"behavior.":[100],"Outward":[101],"transport":[103,139],"during":[104],"growth":[107,127,149],"injects":[108],"sustained":[110],"flux":[111],"vacancies":[113],"into":[114],"underlying":[116],"metal":[117],"lattice,":[118],"which":[119,146],"facilitates":[120],"oxygen":[122],"incorporation":[123],"drives":[125],"This":[132],"vacancy-mediated":[133],"feedback":[134],"couples":[135],"anionic":[138],"process,":[140],"providing":[141],"unified":[143],"framework":[144],"enables":[151],"anionic-driven":[153],"growth.":[154],"By":[155],"identifying":[156],"vacancy":[157],"injection":[158],"key":[161],"mediator":[162],"interfacial":[164],"mass":[165],"transport,":[166],"work":[168],"provides":[169],"basis":[172],"for":[173],"predicting":[174],"kinetics":[176],"defect-regulated":[178],"solid-state":[179],"transformation":[180],"pathways":[181],"reactive":[183],"environments.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
