{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225205263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","title":"Revitalization of Ultisol Using Biochar from Cassava Harvest Waste Combined with Organic Fertilizer","display_name":"Revitalization of Ultisol Using Biochar from Cassava Harvest Waste Combined with Organic Fertilizer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225205263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216523","display_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","issn_l":"2774-3047","issn":["2774-3047"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387156358","host_organization_name":"Pandawa Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046676834","display_name":"Muhammad Ulinuhayani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-7138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-7138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ulinuhayani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-7138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050782085","display_name":"Nurul Izza Binti Mohamed Rusdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Rusdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077049301","display_name":"Bambang Singgih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-4281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-4281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bambang Singgih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-4281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069579719","display_name":"Muchdar Soedarjo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-6177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-6177"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muchdar Soedarjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-6177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028203387","display_name":"Yudi Widodo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1877"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudi Widodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-16911 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107435768","display_name":"Setia Permana Nurhidayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0066-5331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0066-5331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Setia P Nurhidayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Laboratory Management, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta-10340 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0066-5331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Laboratory Management, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta-10340 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099139293","display_name":"Budi Triono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9513-7972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9513-7972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Budi Triono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Laboratory Management, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta-10340 (Indonesia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9513-7972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Laboratory Management, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta-10340 (Indonesia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"],"apc_list":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"apc_paid":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9146000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9146000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.05169999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cassava-waste","display_name":"cassava waste","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultisol","display_name":"Ultisol","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manure","display_name":"manure","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chicken-manure","display_name":"chicken manure","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-manure","display_name":"cattle manure","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cassava-yield","display_name":"cassava yield","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-exchange-capacity","display_name":"cation exchange capacity","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-soils","display_name":"acid soils","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuber-yield","display_name":"tuber yield","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.982699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780119549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12054746","display_name":"Chicken manure","level":3,"score":0.7378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154108195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1115789","display_name":"Ultisol","level":3,"score":0.7299000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.5940999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181733430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11107732","display_name":"Slash-and-char","level":4,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779184190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269627","display_name":"Amendment","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197484155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477","display_name":"Cation-exchange capacity","level":3,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162902727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2842710","display_name":"Soil conditioner","level":3,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2341566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910759","display_name":"Cow dung","level":3,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775878893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539815","display_name":"Organic fertilizer","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13080248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864214","display_name":"Biodegradable waste","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190638079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954381","display_name":"Green manure","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216523","display_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","issn_l":"2774-3047","issn":["2774-3047"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387156358","host_organization_name":"Pandawa Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216523","display_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","issn_l":"2774-3047","issn":["2774-3047"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387156358","host_organization_name":"Pandawa Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061656902","https://openalex.org/W2396711057","https://openalex.org/W2898253864","https://openalex.org/W2959920920","https://openalex.org/W2971240612","https://openalex.org/W2989786575","https://openalex.org/W2998510149","https://openalex.org/W3000144016","https://openalex.org/W3002485939","https://openalex.org/W3034319075","https://openalex.org/W3038121529","https://openalex.org/W3044190865","https://openalex.org/W3113690464","https://openalex.org/W3114969079","https://openalex.org/W3120426549","https://openalex.org/W3133429900","https://openalex.org/W3173221798","https://openalex.org/W3199321151","https://openalex.org/W3214370896","https://openalex.org/W4205644256","https://openalex.org/W4220893660","https://openalex.org/W4224215422","https://openalex.org/W4285112062","https://openalex.org/W4285259166","https://openalex.org/W4291127159","https://openalex.org/W4311407100","https://openalex.org/W4364377846","https://openalex.org/W4366131771","https://openalex.org/W4383740697","https://openalex.org/W4392007222","https://openalex.org/W4392139706","https://openalex.org/W4399545858","https://openalex.org/W4400697469","https://openalex.org/W4403046299","https://openalex.org/W4404192510","https://openalex.org/W4404520256","https://openalex.org/W4404935968","https://openalex.org/W4410431304","https://openalex.org/W4410898025","https://openalex.org/W4413741774","https://openalex.org/W4414597352","https://openalex.org/W4415120257","https://openalex.org/W4415774919","https://openalex.org/W7084032425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166818570","https://openalex.org/W3024054502","https://openalex.org/W7128788955","https://openalex.org/W2597630840","https://openalex.org/W4399052424","https://openalex.org/W4410352700","https://openalex.org/W3212959282","https://openalex.org/W3213653121","https://openalex.org/W2999825224","https://openalex.org/W4255605377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,112,116,122,286],"evaluate":[4],"the":[5,20,73,106,157,164,178,185,193,221,235,240,266,279],"effects":[6,143,237],"of":[7,22,72,103,166,184,281],"biochar":[8,44,104,131,147,169,187,223,242,249],"produced":[9,192],"from":[10,163,251],"fresh":[11],"cassava":[12,28,136,252,263],"stem":[13,214],"and":[14,27,49,52,63,96,118,132,138,148,154,170,189,199,212,254,262],"trunk":[15],"waste,":[16],"as":[17,19],"well":[18],"application":[21],"manure,":[23,57,172],"on":[24],"soil":[25,110],"fertility":[26,261],"yield":[29,159,289],"in":[30,258,290],"Ultisols.":[31],"A":[32],"factorial":[33],"randomized":[34],"block":[35],"design":[36],"with":[37,156,220,234,265],"three":[38],"replications":[39],"was":[40,126],"used,":[41],"testing":[42],"4":[43],"rates":[45],"(0,":[46],"5,":[47],"10,":[48],"15":[50,167],"t/ha)":[51],"3":[53],"manure":[54,59,65,133,149,191,226,255],"treatments":[55,134],"(no":[56],"cattle":[58],"at":[60,66,105,209,239],"10":[61,67],"t/ha,":[62],"chicken":[64,171,190],"t/ha).":[68],"The":[69,182,204,244],"initial":[70],"properties":[71],"Ultisol":[74,260],"were":[75,144,218],"characterized":[76],"by":[77],"acidity":[78],"(pH":[79],"4.58),":[80],"low":[81],"organic":[82,114],"carbon":[83,115],"(1.80%),":[84],"total":[85,88],"nitrogen":[86],"(0.12%),":[87],"phosphorus":[89],"(209.90":[90],"ppm),":[91],"exchangeable":[92],"potassium":[93],"(0.27":[94],"cmol(+)/kg),":[95],"cation":[97,119],"exchange":[98,120],"capacity":[99,121],"(4.47":[100],"cmol(+)/kg).":[101],"Application":[102],"highest":[107,158,186,222,241],"rate":[108,188],"increased":[109],"pH":[111],"5.5,":[113],"2.07%,":[117],"9.82":[123],"cmol(+)/kg.":[124],"There":[125],"no":[127],"significant":[128],"interaction":[129],"between":[130],"for":[135],"growth":[137,153,230],"yield,":[139,155],"indicating":[140],"that":[141,247],"their":[142],"independent.":[145],"Both":[146],"applications":[150],"improved":[151,228],"plant":[152,229],"(124.93":[160],"kg/plot)":[161],"obtained":[162],"combination":[165,183],"t/ha":[168],"representing":[173],"a":[174],"13.36%":[175],"increase":[176],"over":[177],"control":[179],"(110.20":[180],"kg/plot).":[181],"greatest":[194,236,267],"tuber":[195],"weight":[196],"(2.63":[197],"kg/plant)":[198],"shoot":[200],"biomass":[201],"(3.85":[202],"kg/plant).":[203],"tallest":[205],"plants":[206],"(284.60":[207],"cm":[208],"8":[210],"months)":[211],"largest":[213],"diameter":[215],"(2.70":[216],"cm)":[217],"observed":[219,238],"rate.":[224,243],"Chicken":[225],"consistently":[227],"across":[231],"all":[232],"treatments,":[233],"results":[245],"indicate":[246],"both":[248,271],"derived":[250],"waste":[253],"are":[256,273],"effective":[257],"improving":[259],"productivity,":[264],"improvements":[268],"achieved":[269],"when":[270],"amendments":[272],"applied":[274],"together.":[275],"These":[276],"findings":[277],"highlight":[278],"importance":[280],"targeted":[282],"nutrient":[283],"input":[284],"combinations":[285],"enhance":[287],"crop":[288],"acidic":[291],"soils.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}