{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225201895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","title":"Assessment of Seeding Methods and Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance and Profitability in Rice-Safflower System","display_name":"Assessment of Seeding Methods and Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Crop Performance and Profitability in Rice-Safflower System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225201895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764346760","display_name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","issn_l":"2320-7035","issn":["2320-7035"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025956581","display_name":"Omprakash Rajwade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omprakash Rajwade","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160501719","display_name":"R. M. Savu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. Savu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051893768","display_name":"Pooja Pahare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Pahare","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109878822","display_name":"Sandeep Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-4733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-4733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160528314","display_name":"Neeta Mishra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeta Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159311235","display_name":"Kishan Kumar Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishan Kumar Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160524530","display_name":"S. K. Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20632288","display_name":"Indira Gandhi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcwq335","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492 012, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20632288"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82986967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"11","first_page":"114","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sowing-methods","display_name":"sowing methods","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-weeding","display_name":"hand weeding","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-dynamics","display_name":"weed dynamics","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control-efficiency","display_name":"weed control efficiency","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsr","display_name":"DSR","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability","display_name":"profitability","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-equivalent-yield","display_name":"rice equivalent yield","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153136566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3631460","display_name":"Kharif crop","level":3,"score":0.8295000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.7519000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351904","display_name":"Stover","level":3,"score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7031999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.6988999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5863000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36248471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445669","display_name":"Seeding","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140130429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439388","display_name":"Conservation agriculture","level":3,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16397148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878333","display_name":"Tillage","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116370137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227672","display_name":"No-till farming","level":4,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180429540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11464","display_name":"Plough","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779656465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155180","display_name":"Seedbed","level":3,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55347375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267963","display_name":"Cultural control","level":3,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5187955","display_name":"Crop residue","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15430695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11157999","display_name":"Gross margin","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408652","display_name":"Atrazine","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34070608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001783","display_name":"Cover crop","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764346760","display_name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","issn_l":"2320-7035","issn":["2320-7035"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i116407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764346760","display_name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","issn_l":"2320-7035","issn":["2320-7035"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140116064","https://openalex.org/W7223357302","https://openalex.org/W7134280828","https://openalex.org/W4310070641","https://openalex.org/W4318157196","https://openalex.org/W3014958648","https://openalex.org/W1966928786","https://openalex.org/W4409196047","https://openalex.org/W4224068414","https://openalex.org/W4378835896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rice\u2013safflower":[0],"cropping":[1,63],"systems":[2],"face":[3],"challenges":[4],"related":[5],"to":[6,48],"crop":[7],"establishment,":[8],"rice-residue":[9],"management":[10,57,126],"and":[11,20,41,46,55,72,109,123,135,153,159,171,177,198,203,209,225,233,241,250,260,264,271,283],"weed":[12,56,70,125,130,212],"competition,":[13],"which":[14],"can":[15],"adversely":[16],"affect":[17],"safflower":[18,91,157,175,276],"productivity":[19,255],"profitability.":[21],"A":[22],"field":[23],"experiment":[24],"was":[25,79,92,184],"conducted":[26],"at":[27,200],"the":[28,39,50,75,88,120,139,187],"Research-cum-Instructional":[29],"Farm":[30],"of":[31,44,52,156,174,195,215,248,258,269,275],"Indira":[32],"Gandhi":[33],"Krishi":[34],"Vishwavidyalaya,":[35],"Raipur,":[36],"Chhattisgarh":[37],"during":[38,87],"Kharif":[40,76],"Rabi":[42,89],"seasons":[43],"2019-20":[45],"2021-22":[47],"assess":[49],"effects":[51],"sowing":[53,100],"methods":[54,101],"practices":[58,127],"in":[59,119,138,149,168,186],"a":[60,95,210],"direct-seeded":[61],"rice-based":[62],"system":[64,254],"with":[65,141,192,218],"rice":[66,78,243],"residue":[67],"retention":[68],"on":[69],"dynamics":[71],"productivity.":[73],"During":[74],"season,":[77,90],"sown":[80],"directly":[81],"following":[82],"standard":[83],"agronomic":[84],"practices,":[85],"while":[86],"grown":[93],"using":[94],"split-plot":[96],"design":[97],"comprising":[98],"three":[99,124,142],"namely":[102,128],"zero":[103],"seed":[104,107,111,146,152,170,281],"drill,":[105],"happy":[106,145,280],"drill":[108,112,147,282],"normal":[110],"(with":[113],"soil":[114],"preparation":[115],"only":[116],"by":[117],"rotavator)":[118],"main":[121],"plots":[122],"chemical":[129],"control,":[131],"hand":[132,188,284],"weeding":[133,165,189,285],"twice":[134,166,190],"unweeded":[136,219],"check":[137],"subplots,":[140],"replications.":[143],"The":[144],"resulted":[148,167],"significantly":[150],"higher":[151,169],"stover":[154,172],"yields":[155,173],"(1381":[158],"3459":[160],"kg":[161,179,252,262,273],"ha-1,":[162,180],"respectively).":[163,181],"Hand":[164],"(1629":[176],"4050":[178],"Weed":[182],"density":[183],"lowest":[185],"treatment,":[191],"mean":[193],"values":[194],"3.61,":[196],"3.80":[197],"4.68":[199],"30,":[201],"60":[202],"90":[204],"days":[205],"after":[206],"sowing,":[207],"respectively":[208],"maximum":[211],"control":[213],"efficiency":[214,266],"80.24%":[216],"compared":[217],"check.":[220],"Maximum":[221],"gross":[222],"returns":[223,231],"(7.28":[224],"8.56":[226],"103":[227,235],"x":[228,236],"\u20b9ha-1),":[229,237],"net":[230],"(4.72":[232],"5.60":[234],"benefit\u2013cost":[238],"ratios":[239],"(2.80":[240],"2.88),":[242],"equivalent":[244],"yield":[245],"(mean":[246,256,267],"value":[247,257,268],"3909":[249],"4614":[251],"ha-1)":[253,263],"8737":[259],"9442":[261],"production":[265],"11.64":[270],"12.28":[272],"ha-1day-1)":[274],"were":[277],"recorded":[278],"under":[279],"twice.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
