{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225201446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","title":"Experimental Estimation of the Relative Reflection Coefficient of Gasoline-Contaminated Water Using a Low-Cost UHF SDR-Based Electromagnetic Reflectometry System","display_name":"Experimental Estimation of the Relative Reflection Coefficient of Gasoline-Contaminated Water Using a Low-Cost UHF SDR-Based Electromagnetic Reflectometry System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225201446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/engproc2026158024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407114148","display_name":"Jornadas de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica (JIEE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JIEE 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127690209","display_name":"Jhon Anrrango Delgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4566-8172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4566-8172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhon Anrrango Delgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4566-8172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067457809","display_name":"Pablo Lupera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-4980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-4980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Lupera-Morillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-4980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094004536","display_name":"Jhon Cando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5682-832X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5682-832X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhon Cando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5682-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017607052","display_name":"Ricardo Llugsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-0985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-0985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70764802","display_name":"National Polytechnic School","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Llugsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DETRI), National Polytechnic School, Quito 170143, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067457809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70764802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"software-defined radio","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uhf","display_name":"UHF band","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-periodic-antenna","display_name":"log-periodic antenna","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-product-contamination","display_name":"petroleum product contamination","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-monitoring","display_name":"environmental monitoring","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-correction","display_name":"phase correction","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-averaging","display_name":"coherent averaging","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-sensing","display_name":"low-cost sensing","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.8036999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96122199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628096","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","level":2,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5044000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99101257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529374","display_name":"Network analyzer (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/engproc2026158024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407114148","display_name":"Jornadas de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica (JIEE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JIEE 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/engproc2026158024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026158024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407114148","display_name":"Jornadas de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica (JIEE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JIEE 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.53329998254776,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327633","display_name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb99w41"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486570157","https://openalex.org/W1650364191","https://openalex.org/W2005902297","https://openalex.org/W2015249168","https://openalex.org/W2032107750","https://openalex.org/W2092774356","https://openalex.org/W2484009881","https://openalex.org/W4220833940","https://openalex.org/W4248484148","https://openalex.org/W4400085945","https://openalex.org/W4416299095","https://openalex.org/W6922109306","https://openalex.org/W7138859797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133048498","https://openalex.org/W7220890867","https://openalex.org/W7137334544","https://openalex.org/W2744874595","https://openalex.org/W2100648293","https://openalex.org/W2022752346","https://openalex.org/W7219366152","https://openalex.org/W4388016030","https://openalex.org/W2169213177","https://openalex.org/W2990375680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0,102],"contamination":[1,148],"by":[2],"petroleum":[3],"products":[4],"represents":[5,153],"an":[6],"increasing":[7],"environmental":[8,169],"concern":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,58,66],"its":[12],"impact":[13],"on":[14,89,173],"aquatic":[15],"ecosystems":[16],"and":[17,42,79,95,116,126,143,163],"water":[18,36],"resources.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"presents":[22],"a":[23,38,43,62,112,154,165],"low-cost":[24,155],"electromagnetic":[25,159,174],"reflectometry":[26],"system":[27,50],"for":[28,157,167],"estimating":[29],"the":[30,53,68,72,81,117,124,129,137,158],"relative":[31,118],"reflection":[32,119],"coefficient":[33,120],"of":[34,45,98,128,161],"gasoline-contaminated":[35],"using":[37,61],"software-defined":[39],"radio":[40],"(SDR)":[41],"pair":[44],"log-periodic":[46],"antennas.":[47],"The":[48,132,150],"proposed":[49,138,151],"operates":[51],"in":[52],"UHF":[54],"band":[55],"from":[56,71,123],"2.1":[57],"3.0":[59],"GHz":[60],"continuous-wave":[63],"measurement":[64,77,114],"scheme":[65],"acquire":[67],"reflected":[69,130],"signal":[70,82,100],"liquid":[73],"surface.":[74],"To":[75],"improve":[76],"stability":[78],"repeatability,":[80],"processing":[83],"chain":[84],"incorporates":[85],"temporal":[86],"alignment":[87],"based":[88,172],"cross-correlation,":[90],"residual":[91],"phase":[92,127],"error":[93],"compensation,":[94],"coherent":[96],"averaging":[97],"multiple":[99],"acquisitions.":[101],"samples":[103],"with":[104],"different":[105,147],"gasoline":[106],"concentrations":[107],"were":[108],"experimentally":[109],"evaluated":[110],"under":[111],"fixed":[113],"geometry,":[115],"was":[121],"estimated":[122],"amplitude":[125],"signal.":[131],"experimental":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"methodology":[139],"provides":[140,164],"repeatable":[141],"measurements":[142],"enables":[144],"discrimination":[145],"between":[146],"ratios.":[149],"approach":[152],"alternative":[156],"characterization":[160],"liquids":[162],"foundation":[166],"future":[168],"monitoring":[170],"systems":[171],"reflectometry.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
