{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225201253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","title":"Factors Influencing Diversity and Distribution of Banana Cultivars: Comparison of Embu, Meru and Tharaka-Nithi Counties in Kenya","display_name":"Factors Influencing Diversity and Distribution of Banana Cultivars: Comparison of Embu, Meru and Tharaka-Nithi Counties in Kenya","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225201253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212159","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","issn_l":"2581-4478","issn":["2581-4478"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160515946","display_name":"J. Kiramana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kiramana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160560493","display_name":"D. Isutsa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195931504","display_name":"Egerton University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk2zc89","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Isutsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticulture, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Njoro, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticulture, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Njoro, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160402716","display_name":"G. Abucheli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Abucheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160564209","display_name":"J. Mwove","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Mwove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160478302","display_name":"F. Irungu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Irungu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160474560","display_name":"J. Orwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Orwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160482193","display_name":"J. Njoki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Njoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160428151","display_name":"E. Koech","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Koech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AGEC, AGBM and AGED, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AGEC, AGBM and AGED, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031955270","display_name":"I. Nyariki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Nyariki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AGEC, AGBM and AGED, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AGEC, AGBM and AGED, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82739681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"99","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12795","display_name":"Banana Cultivation and Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12795","display_name":"Banana Cultivation and Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-orientation","display_name":"market orientation","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"commercialization","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/improved-cultivar","display_name":"improved varieties","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embu-county","display_name":"Embu County","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meru-county","display_name":"Meru County","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tharaka-nithi-county","display_name":"Tharaka Nithi County","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shannon-diversity-index","display_name":"Shannon diversity index","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pielou-evenness-index","display_name":"Pielou evenness index","score":0.9210000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127937792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256069","display_name":"Species evenness","level":3,"score":0.8974999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.8051999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30968088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230601","display_name":"Diversity index","level":3,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127808970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385989","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62648534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706937","display_name":"Species diversity","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212159","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","issn_l":"2581-4478","issn":["2581-4478"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05851181v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05851181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 2026, 13 (4), pp.99-116","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2026/v13i4511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212159","display_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","issn_l":"2581-4478","issn":["2581-4478"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146554882","https://openalex.org/W2137006886","https://openalex.org/W2106408725","https://openalex.org/W940757211","https://openalex.org/W2786373197","https://openalex.org/W4206457801","https://openalex.org/W175861823","https://openalex.org/W2982243440","https://openalex.org/W2022993461","https://openalex.org/W4402971251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Banana":[0],"is":[1,18],"an":[2],"important":[3],"crop,":[4],"supporting":[5],"food":[6],"security,":[7],"nutrition,":[8],"income":[9,189],"generation,":[10],"employment,":[11],"and":[12,47,70,84,137,195,207,215,231,251,272,281,294,299,310],"livelihoods.":[13],"However,":[14,171],"banana":[15,50,112,269,314],"cultivar":[16,77,172,196,213,229,263,270,289],"diversity":[17,46,73,81,118,133,149,271],"influenced":[19],"by":[20,98,279],"complex":[21],"interactions":[22],"among":[23,153],"several":[24],"factors":[25,43],"that":[26,268],"remain":[27,274],"inadequately":[28],"documented":[29],"in":[30,52,132,143,177,180,212,258],"Kenya\u2019s":[31],"main":[32],"production":[33],"areas.":[34],"The":[35,108,265],"objective":[36],"of":[37,49,62,254,296,313],"this":[38],"study":[39,266],"was":[40,65,74,119,125,174,224],"to":[41,56,305],"evaluate":[42],"influencing":[44],"the":[45,94,154,202,225,249],"distribution":[48,214,253,273],"cultivars":[51,113,302],"three":[53],"Kenyan":[54],"counties":[55,155,203,237],"inform":[57],"appropriate":[58],"management.":[59,216],"A":[60],"survey":[61],"509":[63],"farmers":[64],"conducted":[66],"using":[67,76,93],"structured":[68],"questionnaires":[69],"observations.":[71,116],"Cultivar":[72],"assessed":[75],"richness":[78,144],"(S),":[79],"Shannon":[80,148],"index":[82,87,134],"(H),":[83],"Pielou\u2019s":[85],"evenness":[86,124,138,173],"(J).":[88],"County":[89],"differences":[90,129,167,211],"were":[91,130,208],"evaluated":[92],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[95],"test,":[96],"followed":[97],"Dunn\u2019s":[99,157],"pairwise":[100,158],"comparisons":[101,159],"with":[102,160,210],"Bonferroni":[103,161],"adjustment":[104,162],"for":[105,228],"significant":[106,166],"differences.":[107],"results":[109],"identified":[110],"35":[111],"from":[114],"1,947":[115],"Overall":[117],"relatively":[120],"high":[121],"(H=2.59),":[122],"while":[123],"moderate":[126],"(J=0.73).":[127],"Significant":[128],"observed":[131],"(H=6.496,":[135],"P=0.039)":[136],"(J=6.630,":[139],"P=0.036),":[140],"but":[141,276],"not":[142,164],"(S=3.893,":[145],"P=0.143).":[146],"Although":[147],"differed":[150,234],"significantly":[151,175,200,235],"overall":[152],"(P=0.039),":[156],"did":[163],"identify":[165],"between":[168,236],"county":[169],"pairs.":[170],"higher":[176],"Embu":[178,222],"than":[179],"Meru":[181],"(P=0.030).":[182],"Gender,":[183],"education,":[184],"farming":[185],"experience,":[186],"labour":[187],"availability,":[188],"contribution,":[190],"market":[191,282],"orientation,":[192],"land":[193],"allocation,":[194],"selection":[197,232],"criteria":[198,233],"varied":[199],"across":[201],"(P":[204],"<":[205,245],"0.05)":[206],"associated":[209],"Marketability":[217],"(Meru":[218],"37.6%,":[219],"Tharaka-Nithi":[220],"33.3%,":[221],"29%)":[223],"leading":[226],"criterion":[227],"selection,":[230],"(\u03c7\u00b2":[238],"=":[239,242],"56.609,":[240],"df":[241],"16,":[243],"P":[244],"0.001).":[246],"Commercialisation":[247],"encouraged":[248],"adoption":[250],"wider":[252],"improved":[255,298],"cultivars,":[256],"which,":[257],"turn,":[259],"may":[260],"reduce":[261],"traditional":[262],"diversity.":[264],"concludes":[267],"substantial":[275],"are":[277,303],"shaped":[278],"socioeconomic":[280],"dynamics.":[283],"Strengthening":[284],"gender-responsive":[285],"extension":[286],"services,":[287],"indigenous":[288],"conservation,":[290],"farmer-to-farmer":[291],"germplasm":[292],"exchange,":[293],"promotion":[295],"both":[297],"locally":[300],"adapted":[301],"recommended":[304],"support":[306],"productivity,":[307],"climate":[308],"resilience,":[309],"sustainable":[311],"conservation":[312],"genetic":[315],"resources.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}