{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225200771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","title":"From Seafloor Deformation to Sea-Surface Displacement: Tsunami Generation Over Variable Bathymetry","display_name":"From Seafloor Deformation to Sea-Surface Displacement: Tsunami Generation Over Variable Bathymetry","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225200771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","pdf_url":"https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086145218","display_name":"Shuo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-2765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-2765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, United States [US]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-2765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, United States [US]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086145218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14146","display_name":"Earthquake and Tsunami Effects","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14146","display_name":"Earthquake and Tsunami Effects","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsunami-generation","display_name":"tsunami generation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seafloor-deformation","display_name":"seafloor deformation","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-bathymetry","display_name":"variable bathymetry","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-boundary-conditions","display_name":"bottom boundary conditions","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlocal-operators","display_name":"nonlocal operators","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2011-tohoku-oki-earthquake","display_name":"2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsunami-source-models","display_name":"tsunami source models","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seamounts","display_name":"seamounts","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continental-slope","display_name":"continental slope","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8299000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.8288999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117485682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215920","display_name":"Seafloor spreading","level":2,"score":0.7652000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47422493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2755127","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135559958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503269","display_name":"Seamount","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33613203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468469","display_name":"Seabed","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","pdf_url":"https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","pdf_url":"https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.15011603/v1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2978308390","display_name":"Fully Coupled Modeling of Dynamic Rupture, Wedge Plasticity, and Tsunami for Great Earthquakes in the Japan Trench","funder_award_id":"2244703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225200771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225200771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576060020","https://openalex.org/W1981115560","https://openalex.org/W1989182266","https://openalex.org/W2006495979","https://openalex.org/W2027438556","https://openalex.org/W2032456911","https://openalex.org/W2068585004","https://openalex.org/W2104326221","https://openalex.org/W2117483635","https://openalex.org/W2140153041","https://openalex.org/W2740847274","https://openalex.org/W2893240675","https://openalex.org/W2954713130","https://openalex.org/W3176069514","https://openalex.org/W4295846650","https://openalex.org/W4320712191","https://openalex.org/W4385189298","https://openalex.org/W4388914220","https://openalex.org/W4401775109","https://openalex.org/W4404993145","https://openalex.org/W4411399763","https://openalex.org/W4415131540","https://openalex.org/W4415332441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238143163","https://openalex.org/W4251533676","https://openalex.org/W2236588007","https://openalex.org/W2117483635","https://openalex.org/W4207083457","https://openalex.org/W1167007426","https://openalex.org/W3101582026","https://openalex.org/W4385189298","https://openalex.org/W2068231351","https://openalex.org/W2963951743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tsunami":[0],"source":[1,28],"models":[2],"commonly":[3],"convert":[4],"seafloor":[5],"deformation":[6],"into":[7],"an":[8,21,199],"initial":[9],"sea-surface":[10],"displacement":[11],"with":[12,77,95],"the":[13,41,45,49,63,70,84,101,111,128,161,170,188],"classical":[14],"Kajiura":[15,186],"filter,":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18,74,88],"exact":[19,71,102],"for":[20,52,164],"ocean":[22],"of":[23,191],"uniform":[24],"depth.":[25],"Yet":[26],"earthquake":[27],"regions":[29],"often":[30],"span":[31],"trenches":[32],"and":[33,69,106,116,131,140,167],"continental":[34],"slopes":[35,134],"where":[36],"water":[37,125],"depth":[38,126],"varies":[39],"on":[40],"same":[42,162],"scales":[43],"as":[44],"deformation.":[46],"We":[47],"derive":[48],"corresponding":[50],"transfer":[51,187],"arbitrary":[53],"smooth,":[54],"submerged,":[55],"single-valued":[56],"three-dimensional":[57,117],"bathymetry.":[58,86],"Seafloor":[59],"motion":[60],"enters":[61,100],"through":[62],"bottom-normal":[64],"forcing":[65],"$q=U_z+":[66],"abla":[67],"h\\cdot\\Uh$,":[68],"rapid-source":[72,189],"response":[73,112],"$\\eta=\\opC":[75],"q$":[76],"$\\opC=\\opB^{-1}$,":[78],"a":[79,121,136,144,192],"nonlocal":[80,148],"operator":[81,178],"determined":[82],"by":[83,91],"actual":[85],"This":[87],"not":[89],"obtained":[90],"simply":[92],"replacing":[93],"$H$":[94],"$h(\\xh)$":[96],"in":[97,181],"$\\sech(KH)$:":[98],"slope":[99],"bottom":[103],"boundary":[104],"condition,":[105],"spatially":[107],"varying":[108],"bathymetry":[109,166],"couples":[110],"globally.":[113],"Exact":[114],"wedge":[115],"seamount":[118],"tests":[119],"reveal":[120],"clear":[122],"hierarchy.":[123],"Local":[124],"controls":[127],"dominant":[129],"attenuation":[130],"broadening,":[132],"gentle":[133],"add":[135],"mainly":[137],"phase-like":[138],"correction,":[139],"surrounding":[141],"geometry":[142],"produces":[143],"smaller":[145],"but":[146],"genuinely":[147],"redistribution":[149],"that":[150,169],"local":[151],"formulas":[152],"cannot":[153],"always":[154],"improve.":[155],"A":[156],"2011":[157],"Tohoku-Oki":[158],"application":[159],"shows":[160],"hierarchy":[163],"realistic":[165],"demonstrates":[168],"full":[171],"solution":[172],"restores":[173],"global":[174],"volume":[175],"consistency.":[176],"The":[177],"also":[179],"appears":[180],"$\\eta_{tt}+g\\opG\\eta=\\opC":[182],"q_{tt}$,":[183],"making":[184],"generalized":[185],"limit":[190],"single":[193],"time-dependent":[194],"generation":[195],"framework":[196],"rather":[197],"than":[198],"independent":[200],"initialization":[201],"rule.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}