{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225200460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","title":"Effects of Electrical Conductivity (EC) of System Water and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) on the Physiological Responses and Flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in an Aquaponic System","display_name":"Effects of Electrical Conductivity (EC) of System Water and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) on the Physiological Responses and Flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in an Aquaponic System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225200460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7235/hort.20260035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","pdf_url":"https://www.hst-j.org/articles/pdf/v7bg/kshs-2026-044-00-13.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1363876","display_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","issn_l":"1226-8763","issn":["1226-8763","2465-8588"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969403","host_organization_name":"Korean Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969403"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.hst-j.org/articles/pdf/v7bg/kshs-2026-044-00-13.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160408488","display_name":"Hyounjin Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyounjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Student, Department of Agriculture and Industries, Kangwon National University Graduate School, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Student, Department of Agriculture and Industries, Kangwon National University Graduate School, Chuncheon 24341, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160413936","display_name":"Ye-Joong Yun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye-Joong Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEO, Uni Plantech Co., Ltd., Gimje 54324, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEO, Uni Plantech Co., Ltd., Gimje 54324, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003214548","display_name":"Choi Ki-Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Farm and Agricultural Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Farm and Agricultural Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003214548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87721211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12834","display_name":"Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalanchoe-blossfeldiana","display_name":"Kalanchoe blossfeldiana","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaponics","display_name":"aquaponics","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity","display_name":"electrical conductivity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-salinity","display_name":"water salinity","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-pressure-deficit","display_name":"vapor pressure deficit","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-stress","display_name":"drought stress","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-responses","display_name":"physiological responses","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flowering","display_name":"flowering","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ornamental-plant-cultivation","display_name":"ornamental plant cultivation","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14331020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907795","display_name":"Vapour Pressure Deficit","level":4,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119850591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557542","display_name":"Aquaponics","level":4,"score":0.5178999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778394261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312063","display_name":"Kalanchoe","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19184958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661322","display_name":"Vapor pressure","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197843891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037287","display_name":"Vapour pressure of water","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157517311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167980","display_name":"Transpiration","level":3,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27079999446868896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7235/hort.20260035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","pdf_url":"https://www.hst-j.org/articles/pdf/v7bg/kshs-2026-044-00-13.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1363876","display_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","issn_l":"1226-8763","issn":["1226-8763","2465-8588"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969403","host_organization_name":"Korean Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969403"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7235/hort.20260035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20260035","pdf_url":"https://www.hst-j.org/articles/pdf/v7bg/kshs-2026-044-00-13.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1363876","display_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","issn_l":"1226-8763","issn":["1226-8763","2465-8588"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969403","host_organization_name":"Korean Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969403"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Horticultural Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225200460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225200460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979399104","https://openalex.org/W2000379065","https://openalex.org/W2020957341","https://openalex.org/W2024385856","https://openalex.org/W2049497691","https://openalex.org/W2068993093","https://openalex.org/W2101778601","https://openalex.org/W2127818179","https://openalex.org/W2129323234","https://openalex.org/W2132527497","https://openalex.org/W2141484921","https://openalex.org/W2157874924","https://openalex.org/W2591873856","https://openalex.org/W2600978458","https://openalex.org/W2783369636","https://openalex.org/W3006332078","https://openalex.org/W3048703853","https://openalex.org/W3211754305","https://openalex.org/W4211003233","https://openalex.org/W4283327268","https://openalex.org/W4396929421","https://openalex.org/W4402122555","https://openalex.org/W4411622540","https://openalex.org/W4411924460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2229764819","https://openalex.org/W2611087812","https://openalex.org/W2789897690","https://openalex.org/W2197908084","https://openalex.org/W2141399645","https://openalex.org/W2258985052","https://openalex.org/W273348672","https://openalex.org/W2590292587","https://openalex.org/W2248740887","https://openalex.org/W2119459054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,13,17,75,80,89,93,106,112,129,137,170,174,178,189,201,221,230],"effects":[4],"of":[5,30,47,77,123,136,145,200,210],"system":[6,42,138],"water":[7,139,183],"electrical":[8],"conductivity":[9],"(EC)":[10],"levels":[11,56,154],"and":[12,23,27,59,92,96,125,147,162,220],"growing":[14],"environment":[15],"on":[16],"physiological":[18],"responses":[19],"(photosynthesis,":[20],"SPAD":[21],"value,":[22],"chlorophyll":[24],"fluorescence),":[25],"growth,":[26],"flowering":[28],"characteristics":[29],"florist":[31],"kalanchoe":[32],"(Kalanchoe":[33],"blossfeldiana)":[34],"in":[35,105,111,116,188,193,229],"a":[36,44,143,181],"goldfish":[37],"(Carassius":[38],"auratus":[39],"L.)":[40],"aquaponic":[41],"over":[43],"time":[45],"span":[46],"140":[48,233],"days.The":[49],"experiment":[50],"was":[51,102,149,227],"conducted":[52],"at":[53,132,152,216,232],"three":[54],"EC":[55,148,175,202],"(0.5,":[57],"1.0,":[58],"1.5dS\u2022m":[60],"-1":[61],"),":[62],"which":[63],"were":[64,86,165],"maintained":[65,151,185],"by":[66,169,173],"regulating":[67],"fish":[68],"feeding":[69],"rates":[70,195],"(50%":[71],"crude":[72],"protein)":[73],"without":[74,155],"addition":[76],"chemical":[78],"fertilizers.During":[79],"experimental":[81],"period,":[82],"mean":[83,117],"air":[84],"temperatures":[85],"similar":[87],"between":[88],"growth":[90,107,204],"room":[91,108,205],"control":[94,113,130,190,231],"(22.4":[95],"22.8\u00b0C,":[97],"respectively),":[98],"whereas":[99],"relative":[100],"humidity":[101],"markedly":[103],"higher":[104,197],"(57.7%)":[109],"than":[110,172,198],"(32.7%),":[114],"resulting":[115,192],"vapor":[118],"pressure":[119],"deficit":[120],"(VPD)":[121],"values":[122],"1.18":[124],"1.98kPa,":[126],"respectively,":[127],"with":[128],"peaking":[131],"2.22-2.30kPaduring":[133],"November-December.The":[134],"pH":[135],"remained":[140,214],"stable":[141,215],"within":[142],"range":[144],"5.0-6.6,":[146],"consistently":[150],"designated":[153],"nutrient":[156],"accumulation.The":[157],"photosynthetic":[158,194],"rate,":[159],"stomatal":[160,186],"conductance,":[161],"transpiration":[163],"rate":[164],"more":[166],"strongly":[167],"influenced":[168],"VPD":[171],"level;":[176],"despite":[177],"high":[179],"VPD,":[180],"continuous":[182],"supply":[184],"opening":[187],"case,":[191],"38.8-43%":[196],"those":[199],"1.0":[203],"treatment.The":[206],"maximum":[207],"photochemical":[208],"efficiency":[209],"photosystem":[211],"II":[212],"(Fv/Fm)":[213],"0.81-0.83across":[217],"all":[218],"treatments,":[219],"performance":[222],"index":[223],"(PI_":[224],"ABS":[225],")":[226],"highest":[228],"days":[234],"after":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
