{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225198639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","title":"Applicability of Site-Level Operational and Environmental Information for Long-Term Heritage Timber Monitoring: Vibration Response and Tilt-Monitoring Baselines at Xuankong Temple","display_name":"Applicability of Site-Level Operational and Environmental Information for Long-Term Heritage Timber Monitoring: Vibration Response and Tilt-Monitoring Baselines at Xuankong Temple","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225198639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16214403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160415723","display_name":"Ze Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2940-6711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2940-6711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2940-6711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160410466","display_name":"Ruiling Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163890","display_name":"Langfang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyq2m47","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163890"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Langfang Teachers University, Langfang 065000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Langfang Teachers University, Langfang 065000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160411633","display_name":"Xinran Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinran Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132551115","display_name":"Huiqiang Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718357","display_name":"Jingshu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-3775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-3775"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingshu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION CO., LTD. MCC, Beijing 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-3775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION CO., LTD. MCC, Beijing 100088, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160537040","display_name":"Guangyuan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044069002","display_name":"Miaole Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miaole Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","Institute for Digital and Intelligent Preservation and Inheritance of Cultural Relics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Architectural Heritage Fine Reconstruction & Health Monitoring, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Digital and Intelligent Preservation and Inheritance of Cultural Relics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044069002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098","https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78883175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"4403","last_page":"4403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-structural-monitoring","display_name":"long-term structural monitoring","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration-response","display_name":"vibration response","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tilt-monitoring","display_name":"tilt monitoring","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visitor-activities","display_name":"visitor activities","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hygrothermal-conditions","display_name":"hygrothermal conditions","score":0.7689999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8101999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994282882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133491","display_name":"Ambient vibration","level":3,"score":0.6074000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48947383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830719","display_name":"Visitor pattern","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60478076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036835","display_name":"Reference data","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21338462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662581","display_name":"Information model","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16214403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16214403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16214403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325174","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330193","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3yke57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1236034034","https://openalex.org/W1743104209","https://openalex.org/W1980222820","https://openalex.org/W2027456229","https://openalex.org/W2030738763","https://openalex.org/W2035652711","https://openalex.org/W2042506099","https://openalex.org/W2047694274","https://openalex.org/W2089467804","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2147926935","https://openalex.org/W2273435636","https://openalex.org/W2405540449","https://openalex.org/W2554883237","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2610755591","https://openalex.org/W2751111936","https://openalex.org/W2765139453","https://openalex.org/W2857793985","https://openalex.org/W2898347655","https://openalex.org/W2952601238","https://openalex.org/W2964528086","https://openalex.org/W3015415694","https://openalex.org/W3111222629","https://openalex.org/W3112717819","https://openalex.org/W3124488297","https://openalex.org/W4200595005","https://openalex.org/W4284896518","https://openalex.org/W4289783206","https://openalex.org/W4387374028","https://openalex.org/W4403325220","https://openalex.org/W4408404009","https://openalex.org/W4408518437","https://openalex.org/W4411093413","https://openalex.org/W4411593512","https://openalex.org/W4417246440","https://openalex.org/W7117140899","https://openalex.org/W7125582573","https://openalex.org/W7129024920","https://openalex.org/W7134198785","https://openalex.org/W7147361920","https://openalex.org/W7166044632","https://openalex.org/W7166586313","https://openalex.org/W7172386075","https://openalex.org/W7211900997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751111936","https://openalex.org/W2955766699","https://openalex.org/W4405172045","https://openalex.org/W2945633377","https://openalex.org/W3011753384","https://openalex.org/W237247217","https://openalex.org/W2807581540","https://openalex.org/W4210762420","https://openalex.org/W2123837018","https://openalex.org/W2885443737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operational":[0],"and":[1,17,45,59,77,99,106,183],"environmental":[2,61],"variability":[3],"complicate":[4],"long-term":[5],"monitoring":[6,170],"of":[7,90],"publicly":[8],"accessible":[9],"heritage":[10],"timber":[11],"buildings,":[12],"while":[13],"local":[14,187],"visitor":[15],"activity":[16],"member-level":[18],"hygrothermal":[19],"conditions":[20],"are":[21,189],"difficult":[22],"to":[23,38,83,169,176],"observe":[24],"continuously.":[25],"Using":[26],"field":[27],"data":[28],"from":[29],"Xuankong":[30],"Temple,":[31],"this":[32,110],"study":[33],"develops":[34],"a":[35,153],"task-specific":[36],"framework":[37,165],"evaluate":[39],"three":[40,86,125],"site-level":[41,167],"information":[42,168],"sources:":[43],"opening":[44],"closure":[46],"records":[47],"for":[48,54,63],"organizing":[49,177],"vibration":[50,57,178],"references,":[51,179],"entrance":[52],"counts":[53,118],"estimating":[55],"open-period":[56],"responses,":[58],"ambient":[60],"measurements":[62],"assessing":[64],"cross-period":[65],"tilt":[66,143],"baselines.":[67],"Robustness":[68],"tests,":[69],"incremental":[70],"generalized":[71],"additive":[72],"models":[73,147],"with":[74,130],"date":[75],"substitution,":[76],"time-ordered":[78],"frozen-model":[79],"evaluation":[80],"were":[81,96],"used":[82],"assess":[84],"the":[85,102,131,136,159],"tasks.":[87],"Open-to-closure":[88],"ratios":[89],"three-axis":[91],"resultant":[92],"root-mean-square":[93],"(RMS)":[94],"acceleration":[95],"13.331,":[97],"17.872,":[98],"1.195":[100],"at":[101,123,135],"North":[103,137],"Building,":[104,108],"Boardwalk,":[105],"South":[107],"respectively;":[109],"spatial":[111],"contrast":[112],"persisted":[113],"across":[114],"robustness":[115],"tests.":[116],"Entrance":[117],"improved":[119,141],"follow-up":[120],"log-RMS":[121],"estimation":[122],"all":[124],"nodes":[126],"(\u0394R2":[127],"=":[128],"0.132\u20130.364),":[129],"clearest":[132],"original-date":[133],"advantage":[134,151],"Building.":[138],"Temperature":[139],"history":[140],"development-period":[142],"estimation;":[144],"frozen":[145],"environmental\u2013tilt":[146],"showed":[148],"no":[149],"consistent":[150],"over":[152],"fixed":[154],"mean-tilt":[155],"reference":[156],"based":[157],"on":[158],"final":[160],"seven":[161],"development":[162],"days.":[163],"This":[164],"links":[166],"decisions,":[171],"providing":[172],"an":[173],"evidence-based":[174],"approach":[175],"selecting":[180],"auxiliary":[181],"variables,":[182],"identifying":[184],"when":[185],"finer":[186],"observations":[188],"needed.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}