{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225197957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","title":"Biological impact of high-dose nicotine pouch extracts on oral epithelial homeostasis: an in vitro assessment of oxidative stress, cell death, and TP53/EGFR gene expression","display_name":"Biological impact of high-dose nicotine pouch extracts on oral epithelial homeostasis: an in vitro assessment of oxidative stress, cell death, and TP53/EGFR gene expression","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225197957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039959878","display_name":"Helal G. Alanazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3843-1137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3843-1137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Helal G. Alanazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084678876","display_name":"Fatema F. Elturki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8654-6890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8654-6890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatema F. Elturki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115449092","display_name":"Ghada A. Gehani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31439502","display_name":"University of Benghazi","ror":"https://ror.org/03fh7t044","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada A. Gehani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31439502"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134662725","display_name":"Karima Alfitory Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99296679","display_name":"Sirte University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ytxkh27","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99296679"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karima A. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sirte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sirte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99296679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090574759","display_name":"Abubaker M. Hamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-7916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-7916"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubaker M. Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Al-Rayan National College of Health Sciences and Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Al-Rayan National College of Health Sciences and Nursing","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004868141","display_name":"Mohammed Alruwaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed M. Alruwaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Research, Northern Border University","Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Research, Northern Border University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061761419","display_name":"Adel M. Alqarni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel M. Alqarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088880741","display_name":"FAHAD ALSHAHRANI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7673-2975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7673-2975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136004","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad A. Alshahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha","Health and Humanities Research Center, University of Bisha"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Humanities Research Center, University of Bisha","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116748309","display_name":"Mubarak Alaklobie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136004","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubarak Alaklobie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha","Health and Humanities Research Center, University of Bisha"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Humanities Research Center, University of Bisha","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054655067","display_name":"Faisal Suliman Alhedyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal S. Alhedyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126968045","display_name":"Abeer Ezat Wahba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125886","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewepe58","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125886"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161182","display_name":"Al Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pwa4b62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161182"]}],"countries":["EG","ID","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeer Ezat Wahba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Dental Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Dental Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183","https://openalex.org/I4210125886","https://openalex.org/I4210161182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039959878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88822663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.6294000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.6294000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.2029000073671341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.09480000287294388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-pouches","display_name":"nicotine pouches","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-keratinocytes","display_name":"oral keratinocytes","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tp53","display_name":"TP53","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egfr","display_name":"EGFR","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necrosis","display_name":"necrosis","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-ultrastructure","display_name":"mitochondrial ultrastructure","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-dna-damage","display_name":"oxidative DNA damage","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.6183000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738686","display_name":"MTT assay","level":3,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778005187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5262669","display_name":"Dermal fibroblast","level":4,"score":0.4505000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780369685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058184","display_name":"Cell damage","level":2,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424169","display_name":"Propidium iodide","level":4,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87555872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141316","display_name":"Ultrastructure","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779964046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209286","display_name":"Dichlorofluorescein","level":3,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143425029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205747","display_name":"DNA damage","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775838275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776","display_name":"Superoxide dismutase","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6573","display_name":"Hamster","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285166","display_name":"Oral administration","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1986502/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225197957.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225197957.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009630292","https://openalex.org/W2033797312","https://openalex.org/W2100907205","https://openalex.org/W2107277218","https://openalex.org/W2294465891","https://openalex.org/W2552307989","https://openalex.org/W2555279930","https://openalex.org/W2626441385","https://openalex.org/W2792127636","https://openalex.org/W2794816970","https://openalex.org/W2894051489","https://openalex.org/W2943582142","https://openalex.org/W2946996612","https://openalex.org/W2950813450","https://openalex.org/W3016646947","https://openalex.org/W3088949845","https://openalex.org/W3118863639","https://openalex.org/W3133188988","https://openalex.org/W3135269592","https://openalex.org/W3165329717","https://openalex.org/W4283015011","https://openalex.org/W4308119373","https://openalex.org/W4383817918","https://openalex.org/W4386524852","https://openalex.org/W4386623866","https://openalex.org/W4389503931","https://openalex.org/W4391326813","https://openalex.org/W4391843047","https://openalex.org/W4401242273","https://openalex.org/W4401282815","https://openalex.org/W4401817899","https://openalex.org/W4404418282","https://openalex.org/W4404832656","https://openalex.org/W4405903762","https://openalex.org/W4408379515","https://openalex.org/W4411800581","https://openalex.org/W4413614671","https://openalex.org/W4414332764","https://openalex.org/W4416010540","https://openalex.org/W4416387205","https://openalex.org/W4417263150","https://openalex.org/W7117533082","https://openalex.org/W7151846531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385164163","https://openalex.org/W4392183526","https://openalex.org/W3088949845","https://openalex.org/W4308119373","https://openalex.org/W4282968888","https://openalex.org/W4404832656","https://openalex.org/W2766091523","https://openalex.org/W4416337505","https://openalex.org/W4403847098","https://openalex.org/W2086908970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Nicotine":[1],"pouches":[2],"release":[3],"nicotine":[4,46,274,312],"and":[5,43,62,82,108,111,113,133,142,196,201,209,220,231,242,255,281],"other":[6],"soluble":[7],"formulation":[8],"constituents":[9],"directly":[10],"at":[11,97],"the":[12,17,31,77,171,180,188,205,228,266,298,305],"oral":[13,52,286],"mucosal":[14],"surface,":[15],"but":[16,297],"acute":[18,32,278],"cellular":[19],"effects":[20,307],"of":[21,34,76,179,222,300],"high-strength":[22,273],"commercial":[23],"products":[24,39],"remain":[25],"incompletely":[26],"characterized.":[27],"Objective":[28],"To":[29],"compare":[30],"toxicity":[33],"aqueous":[35,74],"extracts":[36,75,153,193,276,302],"prepared":[37],"from":[38],"labeled":[40],"20":[41,172,229],"mg":[42,45,163,173,230,233,268,290],"30":[44,162,232,267,289],"per":[47],"pouch":[48,275],"in":[49,284],"primary":[50,285],"human":[51],"keratinocytes":[53],"(HOKs),":[54],"using":[55],"complementary":[56],"functional,":[57],"biochemical,":[58],"molecular,":[59,280],"flow":[60,130],"cytometric,":[61],"ultrastructural":[63,143],"endpoints.":[64],"Methods":[65],"Primary":[66],"HOKs":[67],"were":[68,87,116,124,136,145],"exposed":[69],"for":[70],"24":[71],"h":[72],"to":[73,118,218,227,240,265,311],"two":[78],"products.":[79],"Concentration-response":[80],"cytotoxicity":[81],"half-maximal":[83],"inhibitory":[84],"concentrations":[85],"(IC\u2085\u2080)":[86],"determined":[88],"by":[89,126,138,147],"MTT":[90],"assay.":[91],"Each":[92],"extract":[93,158,165,175,292],"was":[94,104],"then":[95],"tested":[96],"its":[98],"own":[99],"MTT-defined":[100],"IC\u2085\u2080.":[101],"Cellular":[102],"morphology":[103],"examined":[105,146],"microscopically;":[106],"CAT":[107,195],"SOD":[109,197],"activities":[110],"MDA":[112,200],"NO":[114,202],"levels":[115,224],"measured":[117],"characterize":[119],"redox":[120],"status;":[121],"cell-death":[122],"populations":[123],"quantified":[125],"Annexin":[127],"V-FITC/propidium":[128],"iodide":[129],"cytometry;":[131],"TP53":[132,215],"EGFR":[134,237],"transcripts":[135],"assessed":[137],"quantitative":[139],"real-time":[140],"PCR;":[141],"alterations":[144,262],"transmission":[148],"electron":[149],"microscopy.":[150],"Results":[151],"Both":[152],"reduced":[154,194],"MTT-derived":[155],"viability":[156],"as":[157],"concentration":[159],"increased.":[160],"The":[161,288],"product":[164,174,269,291],"had":[166],"a":[167],"lower":[168],"IC\u2085\u2080":[169],"than":[170],"(49.6%":[176],"versus":[177],"83.2%":[178],"stock":[181],"extract),":[182],"indicating":[183],"greater":[184,294],"cytotoxic":[185,295],"potency.":[186],"At":[187],"selected":[189],"exposure":[190,226,264],"concentrations,":[191],"both":[192],"activities,":[198],"increased":[199,217],"levels,":[203],"decreased":[204,239],"viable":[206],"cell":[207,213],"fraction,":[208],"produced":[210],"predominantly":[211],"necrotic":[212],"death.":[214],"mRNA":[216,238],"2.31-fold":[219],"3.16-fold":[221],"control":[223],"after":[225,263],"extracts,":[234],"respectively,":[235],"whereas":[236],"0.62-fold":[241],"0.47-fold.":[243],"Electron":[244],"microscopy":[245],"showed":[246,293],"mitochondrial":[247],"swelling,":[248],"cristae":[249],"disruption,":[250],"chromatin":[251],"condensation,":[252],"cytoplasmic":[253],"vacuolization,":[254],"plasma":[256],"membrane":[257],"injury,":[258],"with":[259],"more":[260],"extensive":[261],"extract.":[270],"Conclusion":[271],"Commercial":[272],"induce":[277],"oxidative,":[279],"structural":[282],"injury":[283],"keratinocytes.":[287],"potency,":[296],"use":[299],"whole-product":[301],"means":[303],"that":[304],"observed":[306],"cannot":[308],"be":[309],"attributed":[310],"alone.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
