{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225196764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","title":"Bias Against Boltzmann Brains?","display_name":"Bias Against Boltzmann Brains?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225196764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70077","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045830200","display_name":"Sinan Dogramaci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6078-2253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6078-2253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinan Dogramaci","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054881971","display_name":"Simon Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-8575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-8575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong Hong\u00a0Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong Hong\u00a0Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021697514","display_name":"John Hawthorne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-0242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-0242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hawthorne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017605372","display_name":"Miriam Schoenfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Schoenfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["UT Austin USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UT Austin USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95959359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-brains","display_name":"Boltzmann brains","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skepticism","display_name":"skepticism","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-principle","display_name":"reflection principle","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropic-reasoning","display_name":"anthropic reasoning","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.6622999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35304006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5962","display_name":"Boltzmann constant","level":2,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780597233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396568","display_name":"Deference","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/nous.70077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.70077","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/nous.70077","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170801797","display_name":"No\u00fbs","issn_l":"0029-4624","issn":["0029-4624","1468-0068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"No\u00fbs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225196764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225196764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509895654","https://openalex.org/W1966307040","https://openalex.org/W1994248508","https://openalex.org/W2019503890","https://openalex.org/W2029504242","https://openalex.org/W2086309815","https://openalex.org/W2094037514","https://openalex.org/W2100660185","https://openalex.org/W2115954866","https://openalex.org/W2116338250","https://openalex.org/W2152870575","https://openalex.org/W2589427582","https://openalex.org/W4233652458","https://openalex.org/W4236852725","https://openalex.org/W4312761792","https://openalex.org/W4386819104","https://openalex.org/W4407303356","https://openalex.org/W4409845868","https://openalex.org/W7169832080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169832080","https://openalex.org/W4386819104","https://openalex.org/W7165731895","https://openalex.org/W4238525874","https://openalex.org/W3208951477","https://openalex.org/W4407303356","https://openalex.org/W2586478583","https://openalex.org/W3136776098","https://openalex.org/W2995075663","https://openalex.org/W4401948029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"A":[1],"popular":[2],"indifference":[3],"principle":[4],"for":[5,23],"self\u2010locating":[6],"probability":[7],"faces":[8],"skeptical":[9,14],"challenges,":[10],"most":[11],"notably":[12],"a":[13,37],"challenge":[15],"concerning":[16],"Boltzmann":[17],"Brains.":[18],"We":[19],"examine":[20],"the":[21],"prospects":[22],"various":[24],"views":[25],"that":[26,47],"prescribe":[27],"some":[28],"degree":[29],"of":[30,34],"bias":[31,38,48],"in":[32],"place":[33],"indifference.":[35],"Although":[36],"view":[39],"has":[40],"attractive":[41],"anti\u2010skeptical":[42],"features,":[43],"it":[44],"turns":[45],"out":[46],"leads":[49],"to":[50,54],"puzzles":[51],"about":[52],"deference":[53],"chance,":[55],"reflection,":[56],"and":[57],"other":[58],"related":[59],"principles.":[60]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
