{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225192136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","title":"A Molecular Logic Gate-Based Optical Sensor for Rapid Phosphate Detection in Environmental Waters","display_name":"A Molecular Logic Gate-Based Optical Sensor for Rapid Phosphate Detection in Environmental Waters","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225192136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211913","display_name":"ACS ES&T Engineering","issn_l":"2690-0645","issn":["2690-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS ES&amp;T Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068914306","display_name":"Nafees Iqbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16944753","display_name":"Clarkson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rwgpn18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafees Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarkson University , , , ,","The University of Texas at Dallas , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarkson University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076748418","display_name":"Abd Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-7330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-7330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16944753","display_name":"Clarkson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rwgpn18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abd Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarkson University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-7330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarkson University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090020740","display_name":"Daniel Andreescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-631X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-631X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16944753","display_name":"Clarkson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rwgpn18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Andreescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarkson University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarkson University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057674638","display_name":"Ian T. McCrum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-032X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-032X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian T. McCrum","raw_affiliation_strings":["The City University of New York , , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The City University of New York , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074380518","display_name":"Silvana Andreescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-7939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-7939"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16944753","display_name":"Clarkson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rwgpn18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvana Andreescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarkson University , , , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-7939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarkson University , , , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074380518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16944753"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71255496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10532","display_name":"Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10532","display_name":"Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-determination","display_name":"phosphate determination","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-logic-gates","display_name":"molecular logic gates","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acridinediones","display_name":"acridinediones","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-transfer","display_name":"proton transfer","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorimetric-detection","display_name":"colorimetric sensing","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turn-on-fluorescence","display_name":"turn-on fluorescence","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paper-based-test-strip","display_name":"paper-based test strip","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-detection","display_name":"smartphone detection","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-water-analysis","display_name":"environmental water analysis","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.637499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777132085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46220103","display_name":"Phosphate","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179303850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4300362","display_name":"Molecular recognition","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136339569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142297","display_name":"Molecular imaging","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.6c00694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211913","display_name":"ACS ES&T Engineering","issn_l":"2690-0645","issn":["2690-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS ES&amp;T Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311082","display_name":"Clarkson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rwgpn18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333267","display_name":"College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968777308","https://openalex.org/W1993069737","https://openalex.org/W1996197352","https://openalex.org/W2001691495","https://openalex.org/W2006830158","https://openalex.org/W2008842514","https://openalex.org/W2016509365","https://openalex.org/W2018131325","https://openalex.org/W2019368961","https://openalex.org/W2019986396","https://openalex.org/W2020829015","https://openalex.org/W2023526960","https://openalex.org/W2026557304","https://openalex.org/W2043613455","https://openalex.org/W2048048090","https://openalex.org/W2052479523","https://openalex.org/W2056867982","https://openalex.org/W2056882183","https://openalex.org/W2069446010","https://openalex.org/W2073524021","https://openalex.org/W2083213858","https://openalex.org/W2084846552","https://openalex.org/W2085960031","https://openalex.org/W2090509124","https://openalex.org/W2094642658","https://openalex.org/W2098447852","https://openalex.org/W2132525235","https://openalex.org/W2139808907","https://openalex.org/W2144429087","https://openalex.org/W2168545145","https://openalex.org/W2322494320","https://openalex.org/W2332361790","https://openalex.org/W2336362587","https://openalex.org/W2407021665","https://openalex.org/W2471516661","https://openalex.org/W2491382239","https://openalex.org/W2491458126","https://openalex.org/W2509535659","https://openalex.org/W2620495909","https://openalex.org/W2741610774","https://openalex.org/W2752113346","https://openalex.org/W2765474245","https://openalex.org/W2783091903","https://openalex.org/W2884055811","https://openalex.org/W2884083239","https://openalex.org/W2887956831","https://openalex.org/W2888212113","https://openalex.org/W2901726155","https://openalex.org/W2903695297","https://openalex.org/W2908559372","https://openalex.org/W2945296757","https://openalex.org/W2948505973","https://openalex.org/W2972600456","https://openalex.org/W2973678902","https://openalex.org/W2982448437","https://openalex.org/W2989508938","https://openalex.org/W3000249312","https://openalex.org/W3004609779","https://openalex.org/W3024850231","https://openalex.org/W3041936729","https://openalex.org/W3082923080","https://openalex.org/W3094370690","https://openalex.org/W3109483676","https://openalex.org/W3127977342","https://openalex.org/W3135897449","https://openalex.org/W4206987889","https://openalex.org/W4211253148","https://openalex.org/W4225406402","https://openalex.org/W4249253118","https://openalex.org/W4285590739","https://openalex.org/W4313641652","https://openalex.org/W4381851676","https://openalex.org/W4385999168","https://openalex.org/W7118079894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199958813","https://openalex.org/W2980830674","https://openalex.org/W4313561038","https://openalex.org/W4213419094","https://openalex.org/W7155208881","https://openalex.org/W3011373636","https://openalex.org/W2583884627","https://openalex.org/W4388594483","https://openalex.org/W7167526445","https://openalex.org/W2884948922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Phosphate":[1],"(PO43\u2013)":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4],"essential":[5],"component":[6],"in":[7,38,59,146,205],"nearly":[8],"all":[9],"biological":[10],"and":[11,17,52,62,81,91,109,129,142,160,193,200],"ecological":[12],"systems,":[13],"yet":[14],"simple,":[15],"affordable,":[16],"rapid":[18,141],"detection":[19,35,99,104,131,202],"methods":[20],"remain":[21],"limited.":[22],"Here,":[23],"we":[24],"report":[25],"a":[26,101,110,184],"proton-transfer-driven":[27],"dual-mode":[28,186],"acridinedione":[29,187],"molecular":[30,176],"logic":[31],"sensor":[32,96,139],"for":[33,197],"selective":[34,51,92],"of":[36,103,106,114,153,203],"PO43\u2013":[37],"aqueous":[39],"environments.":[40],"The":[41,95,138],"probe,":[42],"4-fluoro-9-phenyl-acridine-(1,8)-dione":[43],"(FPAD),":[44],"incorporates":[45],"N\u2013H":[46],"functional":[47,83],"sites":[48],"that":[49],"enable":[50],"reversible":[53,166],"proton-transfer":[54],"interactions":[55],"with":[56,100,150,190],"phosphate,":[57],"resulting":[58],"distinct":[60],"colorimetric":[61],"fluorescence":[63,79,111],"\u201cturn-on\u201d":[64],"responses.":[65],"Mechanistic":[66],"studies":[67],"using":[68,132],"nuclear":[69],"magnetic":[70],"resonance":[71],"(1H":[72],"NMR),":[73],"Fourier":[74],"transform":[75],"infrared":[76],"(FTIR),":[77],"UV\u2013vis,":[78],"spectroscopy,":[80],"density":[82],"theory":[84],"(DFT)":[85],"calculations":[86],"confirm":[87],"proton-transfer-controlled":[88],"electronic":[89],"modulation":[90],"binding":[93],"behavior.":[94],"exhibits":[97],"naked-eye":[98],"limit":[102],"(LOD)":[105],"4":[107],"ppm":[108,116],"response":[112],"range":[113],"4\u201320":[115],"(LOD":[117],"=":[118],"0.3":[119],"ppm).":[120],"Integration":[121],"into":[122],"cellulose":[123],"paper-based":[124],"test":[125],"strips":[126],"enables":[127,172],"portable":[128,201],"low-cost":[130],"simple":[133],"imaging":[134],"devices,":[135],"including":[136],"smartphones.":[137],"demonstrates":[140],"accurate":[143],"phosphate":[144,204],"quantification":[145],"real":[147],"water":[148,207],"samples":[149],"recovery":[151],"values":[152],"97\u201398%":[154],"(tap":[155],"water),":[156,159],"99\u2013109%":[157],"(river":[158],"94\u2013125%":[161],"(lake":[162],"water).":[163],"In":[164],"addition,":[165],"optical":[167],"switching":[168,192],"induced":[169],"by":[170],"methanol":[171],"logic-gate-type":[173],"behavior,":[174],"highlighting":[175],"information":[177,195],"processing":[178,196],"capability.":[179],"Overall,":[180],"this":[181],"work":[182],"establishes":[183],"metal-free":[185],"sensing":[188],"platform":[189],"programmable":[191],"logic-gate":[194],"rapid,":[198],"selective,":[199],"environmental":[206],"systems.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
