{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225191990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","title":"Land Use Optimization for Multi-Dimensional Ecosystem Service Deficit Areas with Disrupted Spatial Connectivity on the Northern Slopes of the Tianshan Mountains","display_name":"Land Use Optimization for Multi-Dimensional Ecosystem Service Deficit Areas with Disrupted Spatial Connectivity on the Northern Slopes of the Tianshan Mountains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225191990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160468403","display_name":"Jianming Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3520-4567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3520-4567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3520-4567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348837","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-1350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-1350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-1350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100348837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80002387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2092","last_page":"2092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13203","display_name":"Environmental Changes in China","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-optimization","display_name":"land use optimization","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-connectivity","display_name":"spatial connectivity","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid-regions","display_name":"arid regions","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tianshan-mountains","display_name":"Tianshan Mountains","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-spots","display_name":"cold spots","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spots","display_name":"hot spots","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nighttime-lights","display_name":"nighttime lights","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"surface runoff","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desert-oasis-ecotone","display_name":"oasis-desert ecotone","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-land-expansion","display_name":"construction land expansion","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-fragmentation","display_name":"landscape fragmentation","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199877563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55613","display_name":"Ecotone","level":3,"score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6601999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.6553000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778068638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6485081","display_name":"Landscape connectivity","level":4,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87690585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738011","display_name":"Landscape ecology","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78437154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2428433","display_name":"Restoration ecology","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122690726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3348639","display_name":"Land use, land-use change and forestry","level":3,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36811481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333246","display_name":"Ecological network","level":3,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124886560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913302","display_name":"Habitat fragmentation","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110484373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264398","display_name":"Adjacency list","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24300010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928833","display_name":"Viewshed analysis","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780083587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308081","display_name":"Driving factors","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land15112092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land15112092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969589719","https://openalex.org/W2089892649","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2136904626","https://openalex.org/W2170805839","https://openalex.org/W2237394100","https://openalex.org/W2343188872","https://openalex.org/W2468777336","https://openalex.org/W2482729627","https://openalex.org/W2540222487","https://openalex.org/W2614464134","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2755053828","https://openalex.org/W2766529052","https://openalex.org/W2790537821","https://openalex.org/W2900490737","https://openalex.org/W2929292441","https://openalex.org/W3002343708","https://openalex.org/W3033973892","https://openalex.org/W3110865399","https://openalex.org/W3132973891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161492413","https://openalex.org/W3193419612","https://openalex.org/W4366825285","https://openalex.org/W4388771027","https://openalex.org/W7165615213","https://openalex.org/W4415547838","https://openalex.org/W7139947224","https://openalex.org/W3198883607","https://openalex.org/W7213740570","https://openalex.org/W7166884743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"spatial":[1,176],"land-use":[2,58],"configurations":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,31,154],"critical":[6],"pathway":[7],"toward":[8],"achieving":[9],"spatially":[10],"balanced":[11],"ecosystem":[12,117],"service":[13],"values":[14],"(ESVs)":[15],"in":[16,91,140,150,157],"arid":[17,92],"regions.":[18,93],"Based":[19],"on":[20],"multi-source":[21],"geospatial":[22],"data":[23],"from":[24],"1980":[25],"to":[26,56],"2025,":[27],"this":[28,119],"study":[29,120],"constructs":[30],"comprehensive":[32],"\u2018value":[33],"accounting\u2013attribution":[34],"diagnosis\u2013multi\u2013objective":[35],"optimization\u2019":[36],"framework.":[37],"This":[38],"framework":[39],"integrates":[40],"dynamic":[41],"equivalent":[42],"factors,":[43],"driving":[44],"factor":[45],"analysis,":[46,51],"hot":[47],"and":[48,52,79,104,143,173],"cold":[49,113],"spot":[50],"the":[53,83,108,134,158,167,175],"ESCI-FLUS":[54],"model":[55],"conduct":[57],"optimization":[59],"analysis.":[60],"The":[61],"empirical":[62],"findings":[63],"reveal":[64],"that:":[65],"(1)":[66],"Exhibiting":[67],"pronounced":[68],"asymmetric":[69],"polarization,":[70],"ESV":[71,95],"dynamics":[72],"are":[73,98],"primarily":[74],"driven":[75],"by":[76],"nighttime":[77],"lights":[78],"surface":[80],"runoff,":[81],"reflecting":[82],"intricate":[84],"coupling":[85],"mechanisms":[86],"of":[87,111,137,170,178],"vulnerable":[88],"human\u2013earth":[89],"systems":[90],"(2)":[94],"degradation":[96],"zones":[97,126],"densely":[99],"clustered":[100],"along":[101],"oasis\u2013desert":[102],"ecotones":[103],"urban":[105],"peripheries;":[106],"through":[107],"topological":[109],"intersection":[110],"significant":[112],"spots":[114],"across":[115],"four":[116],"services,":[118],"successfully":[121],"isolates":[122],"multidimensional":[123],"ecological":[124,179],"deficit":[125,163],"totaling":[127],"35,034":[128],"km2.":[129],"(3)":[130],"Spatial":[131],"reconfiguration":[132],"under":[133],"dual":[135],"constraints":[136],"zero":[138],"expansion":[139],"construction":[141],"land":[142],"ESCI":[144],"enforcement":[145],"induces":[146],"an":[147],"11.63%":[148],"reduction":[149],"landscape":[151],"connectivity":[152],"alongside":[153],"41.17%":[155],"contraction":[156],"maximum":[159],"patch":[160],"size":[161],"within":[162],"areas.":[164],"By":[165],"dismantling":[166],"contiguous":[168],"agglomeration":[169],"low-value":[171],"patches":[172],"restricting":[174],"pathways":[177],"risk":[180],"transmission.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}