{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225185585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","title":"MTC-YOLO: a multi-scale cross-layer perceptual approach for steel surface defect detection","display_name":"MTC-YOLO: a multi-scale cross-layer perceptual approach for steel surface defect detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225185585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068795685","display_name":"Bao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-5411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-5411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-5411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160520931","display_name":"Guoxiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5152-299X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5152-299X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5152-299X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160458867","display_name":"Ziwei Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160521837","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068795685","https://openalex.org/A5160521837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81158052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-surface-defect-detection","display_name":"steel surface defect detection","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-scale-perception","display_name":"multi-scale perception","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-layer-feature-fusion","display_name":"cross-layer feature fusion","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-scale-receptive-fields","display_name":"multi-scale receptive fields","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-attention-mechanism","display_name":"dual attention mechanism","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-feature-aggregation","display_name":"hierarchical feature aggregation","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-object-detection","display_name":"small object detection","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6575999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779292183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1619814","display_name":"Undercut","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aebd0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109302362","display_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","issn_l":"0957-0233","issn":["0957-0233","1361-6501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Measurement Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7081915694","https://openalex.org/W4415638780","https://openalex.org/W7196923629","https://openalex.org/W7223253298","https://openalex.org/W4412408200","https://openalex.org/W7155391878","https://openalex.org/W7221032836","https://openalex.org/W4416607220","https://openalex.org/W7172093320","https://openalex.org/W7146997263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Surface":[1],"defect":[2,18,53,72,146,211],"detection":[3,73],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6],"ensuring":[7],"the":[8,105,123,130,136,172],"quality":[9],"and":[10,24,34,46,58,79,93,121,144,156,174,183,196,205],"safety":[11],"of":[12,125,132],"steel":[13,70,209],"products.":[14],"However,":[15],"variations":[16],"in":[17,198],"scale,":[19],"response":[20,113],"intensity,":[21],"spatial":[22,39],"continuity,":[23],"morphology":[25],"remain":[26],"challenging.":[27],"Conventional":[28],"downsampling":[29],"may":[30],"lose":[31],"fine-grained":[32,98],"structures":[33,99],"weaken":[35],"small":[36],"defects;":[37],"repeated":[38],"compression":[40],"can":[41],"attenuate":[42],"deep":[43,133],"target":[44,106,119],"responses;":[45],"direct":[47],"cross-layer":[48,80,137],"fusion":[49,164],"often":[50],"overlooks":[51],"heterogeneous":[52],"patterns,":[54],"causing":[55],"feature":[56,163,167],"mismatch":[57],"ineffective":[59],"interaction.":[60,151],"To":[61],"address":[62],"these":[63],"issues,":[64],"this":[65],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"MTC-YOLO,":[68],"a":[69,88],"surface":[71,210],"framework":[74],"with":[75,87,202],"multi-scale":[76,90],"perception":[77,107],"guidance":[78,108],"enhancement.":[81],"First,":[82],"MESPD-Conv":[83],"combines":[84],"space-to-depth":[85],"rearrangement":[86],"non-uniform":[89],"receptive-field":[91],"hierarchy":[92],"dual-attention":[94],"recalibration":[95],"to":[96,115],"preserve":[97],"while":[100,165,186],"reducing":[101,166],"channel":[102],"redundancy.":[103],"Second,":[104],"module":[109,139],"(TPGM)":[110],"exploits":[111],"local":[112],"variance":[114],"identify":[116],"spatially":[117],"consistent":[118],"regions":[120],"guide":[122],"exploration":[124],"potentially":[126],"missing":[127],"cues,":[128],"enhancing":[129],"completeness":[131],"representations.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"enhancement":[138],"(CLEM)":[140],"models":[141],"sparse":[142],"clustered":[143],"continuous":[145],"patterns":[147],"through":[148],"spatial-semantic":[149],"complementary":[150],"Structure-aware":[152],"aggregation,":[153],"directional":[154],"propagation,":[155],"dynamic":[157],"cross-level":[158],"weighting":[159],"further":[160],"improve":[161],"hierarchical":[162],"mismatch.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"on":[171],"NEU-DET":[173],"GC10-DET":[175],"datasets":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"that":[178],"MTC-YOLO":[179],"maintains":[180],"low":[181],"parameter":[182],"computational":[184],"costs":[185],"outperforming":[187],"state-of-the-art":[188],"methods":[189],"(see":[190],"e.g.,":[191],"CFC-CenterNet,":[192],"ARYOLO,":[193],"MPA-YOLO,":[194],"STFE-Net,":[195],"CBH-YOLO)":[197],"mean":[199],"Average":[200],"Precision,":[201],"satisfactory":[203],"robustness":[204],"applicability":[206],"across":[207],"different":[208],"scenarios.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}