{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225185494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","title":"Diquat and Glufosinate-Ammonium for Pre-Harvest Desiccation of Sunflower: Effects of Growth Stage on Seed Physiological Quality","display_name":"Diquat and Glufosinate-Ammonium for Pre-Harvest Desiccation of Sunflower: Effects of Growth Stage on Seed Physiological Quality","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225185494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126023248","display_name":"Carolaini Campos da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2587-8680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2587-8680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carolaini Campos da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2587-8680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027122429","display_name":"R. F. Am\u00e1bile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-5817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-5817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Embrapa","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283400","display_name":"Embrapa Cerrados","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6g468","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Fernando Amabile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-5817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109743939","display_name":"B\u00e1rbara Soares Aires Fran\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0980-5318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0980-5318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1rbara Soares Aires Fran\u00e7a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0980-5318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070472179","display_name":"Juaci Vit\u00f3ria Malaquias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-9624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-9624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Embrapa","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283400","display_name":"Embrapa Cerrados","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6g468","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juaci Vitoria Malaquias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-9624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014219231","display_name":"Marcelo Fagioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-5004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-5004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Fagioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-5004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107068576","display_name":"Arlini Rodrigues Fialho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-6131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-6131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arlini Rodrigues Fialho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035624115","display_name":"Oscar Jos\u00e9 Smiderle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-1329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-1329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Embrapa","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283400","display_name":"Embrapa Cerrados","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6g468","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Jos\u00e9 Smiderle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-1329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Cerrados, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Planaltina 73310-970, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4405283400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126023248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82871417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"2187","last_page":"2187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.2759000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-harvest-desiccation","display_name":"pre-harvest desiccation","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diquat","display_name":"diquat","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glufosinate-ammonium","display_name":"glufosinate ammonium","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-physiological-quality","display_name":"seed physiological quality","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-dormancy","display_name":"seed dormancy","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-vigor","display_name":"seed vigor","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-stages","display_name":"growth stages","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerated-aging","display_name":"accelerated aging","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-emergence","display_name":"seedling emergence","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerrado","display_name":"Cerrado","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777163875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910903","display_name":"Diquat","level":3,"score":0.9332000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50402729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903071","display_name":"Desiccation","level":2,"score":0.8686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.8159000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.7753000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397491","display_name":"Seed dormancy","level":4,"score":0.5533999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019322901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076906","display_name":"Sunflower seed","level":3,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778181364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171497","display_name":"Helianthus annuus","level":3,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34920940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264212","display_name":"Desiccation tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445654","display_name":"Seed testing","level":3,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185802005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129307","display_name":"Radicle","level":3,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252666","display_name":"Seed treatment","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37819138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13221746","display_name":"Desiccant","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24461792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157957","display_name":"Perennial plant","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy16212187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16212187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323350","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","ror":"https://ror.org/04djvx395"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499951834","https://openalex.org/W2041282815","https://openalex.org/W2041910806","https://openalex.org/W2046146717","https://openalex.org/W2076156154","https://openalex.org/W2091226051","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2175225137","https://openalex.org/W2220412203","https://openalex.org/W2318802957","https://openalex.org/W2494633765","https://openalex.org/W2598095432","https://openalex.org/W2783907356","https://openalex.org/W2888641840","https://openalex.org/W2921099518","https://openalex.org/W2924227996","https://openalex.org/W2968718117","https://openalex.org/W2992524671","https://openalex.org/W2996585893","https://openalex.org/W3013479933","https://openalex.org/W3024044840","https://openalex.org/W3033915875","https://openalex.org/W3118318172","https://openalex.org/W3123338408","https://openalex.org/W3202265556","https://openalex.org/W4205168727","https://openalex.org/W4287377074","https://openalex.org/W4321351544","https://openalex.org/W4322769653","https://openalex.org/W4324157316","https://openalex.org/W4385321279","https://openalex.org/W4387831230","https://openalex.org/W4405586030","https://openalex.org/W4409800493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7018364400","https://openalex.org/W7164853287","https://openalex.org/W4287377074","https://openalex.org/W4399674741","https://openalex.org/W7120683500","https://openalex.org/W2920308372","https://openalex.org/W4387475296","https://openalex.org/W1516830873","https://openalex.org/W3123338408","https://openalex.org/W2284931378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pre-harvest":[0,223],"desiccation":[1,224,248],"is":[2,251],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,162],"sunflower":[6,68,159,233],"(Helianthus":[7],"annuus":[8],"L.)":[9],"production":[10],"to":[11,130,186,226,256],"accelerate":[12],"harvest":[13],"and":[14,50,56,79,99,122,139,172,218],"improve":[15],"crop":[16],"management;":[17],"however,":[18],"comparative":[19],"information":[20],"on":[21,33,60],"the":[22,46,54,61,67,96,153,178,189,201,209,215,220,241],"effects":[23,47],"of":[24,48,64,107,132,188,200,208,214,244],"different":[25],"desiccant":[26],"herbicides":[27],"applied":[28,52,165,176],"at":[29,53,166,177,193,238,249],"distinct":[30],"phenological":[31],"stages":[32,59],"seed":[34,147,160,170,196,234,245],"physiological":[35,62,100,183,197],"quality":[36,63,101,198],"under":[37],"Brazilian":[38],"Cerrado":[39],"conditions":[40],"remains":[41],"limited.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"evaluated":[45],"glufosinate-ammonium":[49],"diquat":[51,175,253],"R8":[55,167,250],"R9":[57,194,239],"growth":[58],"seeds":[65],"from":[66],"hybrid":[69],"BRS":[70],"323.":[71],"A":[72],"completely":[73],"randomized":[74],"design":[75],"with":[76,149,236],"five":[77],"treatments":[78,145],"four":[80],"replications":[81],"was":[82,93,102,254],"used.":[83],"Seeds":[84],"exhibited":[85],"primary":[86],"dormancy":[87],"after":[88,104,119],"harvest;":[89],"therefore,":[90],"initial":[91],"viability":[92],"confirmed":[94],"by":[95],"tetrazolium":[97],"test,":[98],"assessed":[103],"30":[105],"days":[106],"dry":[108,117],"storage":[109],"using":[110],"germination,":[111],"accelerated":[112,120],"aging,":[113,121],"electrical":[114],"conductivity,":[115],"seedling":[116,124],"mass":[118],"field":[123],"emergence":[125],"tests.":[126],"Data":[127],"were":[128],"subjected":[129],"analysis":[131,142],"variance,":[133],"Tukey\u2019s":[134],"test":[135],"(p":[136],"\u2264":[137],"0.05),":[138],"principal":[140,206],"component":[141],"(PCA).":[143],"All":[144],"produced":[146],"lots":[148],"germination":[150,171],"percentages":[151],"above":[152],"75%":[154],"minimum":[155],"standard":[156],"required":[157],"for":[158,232],"commercialization":[161],"Brazil.":[163],"Glufosinate-ammonium":[164],"significantly":[168],"reduced":[169],"vigor,":[173],"whereas":[174],"same":[179],"stage":[180],"maintained":[181],"high":[182],"performance":[184],"comparable":[185],"that":[187],"untreated":[190],"control.":[191],"Applications":[192],"preserved":[195],"regardless":[199],"herbicide.":[202],"The":[203],"first":[204],"two":[205],"components":[207],"PCA":[210],"jointly":[211],"explained":[212],"63.2%":[213],"total":[216],"variation":[217],"supported":[219],"univariate":[221],"findings.":[222],"proved":[225],"be":[227],"a":[228],"technically":[229],"viable":[230],"strategy":[231],"production,":[235],"applications":[237],"providing":[240],"greatest":[242],"preservation":[243],"vigor;":[246],"when":[247],"required,":[252],"superior":[255],"glufosinate-ammonium.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
