{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225184697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","title":"When religious guidance changes: Informed refusal and advance directives after the 2026 Jehovah's Witness blood\u2010policy revisions","display_name":"When religious guidance changes: Informed refusal and advance directives after the 2026 Jehovah's Witness blood\u2010policy revisions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225184697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42974726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/trf.70474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/trf.70474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186746772","display_name":"Transfusion","issn_l":"0041-1132","issn":["0041-1132","0372-1248","1537-2995","1878-2000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/trf.70474","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068152422","display_name":"Lee Elder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6270-332X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6270-332X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lee Elder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alliance for Jehovah's Witness Research and Bioethics (AJWRB)  Tucson Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6270-332X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alliance for Jehovah's Witness Research and Bioethics (AJWRB)  Tucson Arizona USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044583245","display_name":"Reinhold Munker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-5071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-5071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhold Munker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-5071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021175546","display_name":"Savin Bapir\u2010Tardy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savin Bapir\u2010Tardy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology University of Roehampton  London UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology University of Roehampton  London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058627220","display_name":"Windy A. Grendele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Windy Grendele","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology University of Roehampton  London UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology University of Roehampton  London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160464677","display_name":"Daniel Graves","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Graves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alliance for Jehovah's Witness Research and Bioethics (AJWRB)  Tucson Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alliance for Jehovah's Witness Research and Bioethics (AJWRB)  Tucson Arizona USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160526313","display_name":"Tibor Nagy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibor Nagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Legal Scholar  Tucson Arizona USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Legal Scholar  Tucson Arizona USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068152422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87813843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jehovah-s-witnesses","display_name":"Jehovah's Witnesses","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-transfusion-refusal","display_name":"blood transfusion refusal","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-refusal","display_name":"informed refusal","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-directives","display_name":"advance directives","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-guidance","display_name":"religious guidance","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-autonomy","display_name":"patient autonomy","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-making","display_name":"clinical decision-making","score":0.7900000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.9476000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188084074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294","display_name":"Bioethics","level":2,"score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663272","display_name":"Expert witness","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686866","display_name":"Advisory committee","level":2,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776970089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27913684","display_name":"Ethics committee","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017754240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35798","display_name":"Executive branch","level":3,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608642","display_name":"Subpoena","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/trf.70474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/trf.70474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186746772","display_name":"Transfusion","issn_l":"0041-1132","issn":["0041-1132","0372-1248","1537-2995","1878-2000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42974726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42974726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/trf.70474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.70474","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/trf.70474","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186746772","display_name":"Transfusion","issn_l":"0041-1132","issn":["0041-1132","0372-1248","1537-2995","1878-2000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225184697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225184697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857610898","https://openalex.org/W2049188005","https://openalex.org/W2088129335","https://openalex.org/W2108047478","https://openalex.org/W2127283588","https://openalex.org/W2159700793","https://openalex.org/W2162025668","https://openalex.org/W2168361806","https://openalex.org/W2234449205","https://openalex.org/W3112318757","https://openalex.org/W4220658848","https://openalex.org/W4312357531","https://openalex.org/W4366251480","https://openalex.org/W4380244488","https://openalex.org/W4385262614","https://openalex.org/W7126191194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222784595","https://openalex.org/W2088129335","https://openalex.org/W6924156305","https://openalex.org/W7224226431","https://openalex.org/W2010542561","https://openalex.org/W7124179718","https://openalex.org/W1980946385","https://openalex.org/W2064468108","https://openalex.org/W7223703748","https://openalex.org/W7224382093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LE":[0],"serves":[1,48,61],"as":[2,82],"the":[3,8,54,67,94],"unpaid":[4,51,64],"Executive":[5,68],"Director":[6],"of":[7,58,70,102,109,124],"Alliance":[9],"for":[10,138],"Jehovah's":[11,21,44,76,103],"Witness":[12,22,45,77],"Research":[13],"and":[14,17,30,40,72,88,116,120],"Bioethics":[15],"(AJWRB)":[16],"is":[18,26,73,98,112,128],"a":[19,74,83,113],"former":[20,75],"congregation":[23],"elder.":[24],"AJWRB":[25,71],"an":[27,50,63,99],"independent":[28,117],"research":[29],"educational":[31],"organization":[32],"whose":[33],"work":[34],"includes":[35],"informed":[36],"consent,":[37],"patient":[38],"autonomy,":[39],"medical":[41],"decision-making":[42],"among":[43],"patients.":[46],"RM":[47],"in":[49,62,93],"role":[52,65],"on":[53,66],"Scientific":[55],"Advisory":[56],"Council":[57],"AJWRB.":[59],"DG":[60],"Committee":[69,91],"elder":[78],"who":[79],"previously":[80],"served":[81],"Hospital":[84,89],"Information":[85],"Services":[86],"Deskman":[87],"Liaison":[90],"Coordinator":[92],"United":[95],"States.":[96],"WG":[97],"inactive":[100],"member":[101],"Witnesses.":[104],"SB-T":[105],"declares":[106,121],"no":[107,122,132],"conflicts":[108,123],"interest.":[110,125],"TN":[111],"retired":[114],"attorney":[115],"legal":[118],"scholar":[119],"Data":[126],"sharing":[127],"not":[129],"applicable":[130],"because":[131],"datasets":[133],"were":[134],"generated":[135],"or":[136],"analyzed":[137],"this":[139],"article.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
