{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225176557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","title":"What does green mean? Modelling herbivore foodscapes and resource tracking in forested environments","display_name":"What does green mean? Modelling herbivore foodscapes and resource tracking in forested environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225176557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42975013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2656.70386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33456383","display_name":"Journal of Animal Ecology","issn_l":"0021-8790","issn":["0021-8790","1365-2656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160544737","display_name":"Amanda J. May","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda J. May","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160544740","display_name":"Amy N. Hilger\u2010Tisdale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy N. Hilger\u2010Tisdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089041977","display_name":"Katey S. Huggler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-7663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-7663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katey S. Huggler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana  Missoula Montana USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit University of Montana  Missoula Montana USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016170166","display_name":"Mark A. Hurley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-6474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-6474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317689889","display_name":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcx9267","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317689889"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Hurley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho Department of Fish and Game  Boise Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game  Boise Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317689889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151780542","display_name":"Ryan B. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6509-4767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6509-4767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan B. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6509-4767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074568194","display_name":"Matthew A. Mumma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-6524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-6524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317689889","display_name":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcx9267","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317689889"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew A. Mumma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idaho Department of Fish and Game  Boise Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game  Boise Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317689889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045929856","display_name":"Ryan A. Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-7641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-7641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan A. Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-7641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho  Moscow Idaho USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045929856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"],"apc_list":{"value":3610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3610},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81074992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenness-indices","display_name":"greenness indices","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-phenology","display_name":"plant phenology","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-tailed-deer","display_name":"white-tailed deer","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elk","display_name":"elk","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moose","display_name":"moose","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbage-biomass","display_name":"forage biomass","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-quality","display_name":"forage quality","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-remote-sensing","display_name":"remote sensing of vegetation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy-cover","display_name":"tree canopy cover","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-tracking","display_name":"resource tracking","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46325548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59099","display_name":"Herbivore","level":2,"score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775972322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334923","display_name":"Odocoileus","level":2,"score":0.7645000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139669111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422666","display_name":"Understory","level":3,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.48969998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778208748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231177","display_name":"Ungulate","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2656.70386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33456383","display_name":"Journal of Animal Ecology","issn_l":"0021-8790","issn":["0021-8790","1365-2656"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42975013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42975013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of animal ecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312005","display_name":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcx9267"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481934839","https://openalex.org/W1496425064","https://openalex.org/W1518897246","https://openalex.org/W1977997577","https://openalex.org/W1979405843","https://openalex.org/W1979701197","https://openalex.org/W1983096747","https://openalex.org/W1984132513","https://openalex.org/W1984585053","https://openalex.org/W1984603204","https://openalex.org/W1988402916","https://openalex.org/W2004561649","https://openalex.org/W2012133636","https://openalex.org/W2019655958","https://openalex.org/W2034053655","https://openalex.org/W2063309390","https://openalex.org/W2063430399","https://openalex.org/W2070128444","https://openalex.org/W2071067072","https://openalex.org/W2082624964","https://openalex.org/W2085252265","https://openalex.org/W2086281862","https://openalex.org/W2091298675","https://openalex.org/W2098535584","https://openalex.org/W2104702150","https://openalex.org/W2117445811","https://openalex.org/W2147884606","https://openalex.org/W2148137072","https://openalex.org/W2168356649","https://openalex.org/W2180242662","https://openalex.org/W2328449473","https://openalex.org/W2346655432","https://openalex.org/W2347496357","https://openalex.org/W2398139753","https://openalex.org/W2542707665","https://openalex.org/W2608196790","https://openalex.org/W2681315337","https://openalex.org/W2781915698","https://openalex.org/W2793366794","https://openalex.org/W2889804017","https://openalex.org/W2897981931","https://openalex.org/W2945761163","https://openalex.org/W2962834604","https://openalex.org/W2989618704","https://openalex.org/W2991205880","https://openalex.org/W3019631629","https://openalex.org/W3024806531","https://openalex.org/W3027081404","https://openalex.org/W3038359675","https://openalex.org/W3100738394","https://openalex.org/W3113280728","https://openalex.org/W4282041783","https://openalex.org/W4283789528","https://openalex.org/W4297906766","https://openalex.org/W4309713679","https://openalex.org/W4315796432","https://openalex.org/W4362606665","https://openalex.org/W4381613526","https://openalex.org/W4383106170","https://openalex.org/W4398226048","https://openalex.org/W4401504462","https://openalex.org/W4404765383","https://openalex.org/W4408846142","https://openalex.org/W4409405543","https://openalex.org/W4412393141","https://openalex.org/W4414304915","https://openalex.org/W4415956486","https://openalex.org/W4416569765","https://openalex.org/W7223129374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468848198","https://openalex.org/W2161457385","https://openalex.org/W2980301503","https://openalex.org/W2767712504","https://openalex.org/W2741763529","https://openalex.org/W2265412196","https://openalex.org/W2526518754","https://openalex.org/W4229603429","https://openalex.org/W3101447894","https://openalex.org/W2588745247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"forage":[2,80,101,173,198,222,294,317],"maturation":[3],"hypothesis":[4],"predicts":[5],"that":[6,136,170,306,348],"herbivores":[7,86,177,324],"should":[8],"select":[9],"plants":[10],"at":[11],"intermediate":[12],"growth":[13],"stages":[14],"because":[15,158],"they":[16],"strike":[17],"a":[18],"balance":[19],"between":[20],"biomass":[21,102,199,223],"and":[22,40,57,103,105,120,200,202,241,297,332],"nutritional":[23],"quality.":[24],"Methods":[25],"for":[26,139,313,342],"identifying":[27],"this":[28],"key":[29],"stage":[30],"of":[31,100,130,148,172,197,207,219,269,283,310,334,345],"plant":[32,346],"phenology":[33],"commonly":[34],"rely":[35],"on":[36],"satellite\u2010based":[37],"greenness":[38,74,96,161,185,215,275,307],"indices":[39,46,75,216,276,308,337],"their":[41,83,320,329],"derivatives.":[42],"By":[43],"combining":[44],"such":[45,336],"with":[47,258],"fine\u2010scale":[48],"movement":[49,208],"data,":[50],"ecologists":[51],"have":[52,68],"uncovered":[53],"many":[54],"novel":[55],"behaviours":[56],"life\u2010history":[58],"strategies,":[59],"including":[60],"\u2018green\u2010wave":[61],"surfing\u2019":[62],"by":[63,85,108,165,175,234,285,322,353],"herbivores.":[64,287,354],"Yet,":[65],"few":[66],"studies":[67],"evaluated":[69],"the":[70,127,141,145,182,266,279],"degree":[71],"to":[72],"which":[73,229],"accurately":[76],"reflect":[77],"variation":[78,159,220,235,315],"in":[79,87,126,155,160,181,221,236,316,325],"characteristics":[81],"or":[82,319],"selection":[84,107,174,284,321],"forested":[88,326],"habitats.":[89],"We":[90,134,167,187],"studied":[91],"relationships":[92],"among":[93,278],"remotely":[94],"sensed":[95,214],"indices,":[97],"on\u2010the\u2010ground":[98,195,343],"measures":[99,196],"quality":[104,201],"resource":[106],"white\u2010tailed":[109],"deer":[110],"(":[111,116,122],"Odocoileus":[112],"virginianus":[113],"),":[114],"elk":[115,296],"Cervus":[117],"canadensis":[118],")":[119,125],"moose":[121,298],"Alces":[123],"alces":[124],"coniferous":[128,156],"forests":[129,157],"northern":[131],"Idaho,":[132],"USA.":[133],"hypothesized":[135,169],"remote\u2010sensing":[137],"methods":[138],"measuring":[140],"green":[142],"wave":[143],"(i.e.":[144],"phenological":[146],"progression":[147],"understory":[149],"food":[150],"plants)":[151],"are":[152,178,309],"not":[153,179],"useful":[154,281],"is":[162],"driven":[163],"mainly":[164],"conifers.":[166],"also":[168],"patterns":[171],"large":[176,286,323],"detectable":[180],"forest":[183],"using":[184,194],"indices.":[186],"tested":[188],"predictions":[189],"derived":[190],"from":[191,210],"these":[192],"hypotheses":[193],"more":[203,231],"than":[204],"10":[205],"years":[206],"data":[209],"GPS":[211],"collars.":[212],"Remotely":[213],"explained":[217],"<2.5%":[218],"(adjusted":[224],"R":[225,246,253],"2":[226,247,254],"<":[227],"0.024),":[228],"was":[230,271],"readily":[232],"predicted":[233],"tree":[237],"canopy":[238],"cover,":[239],"topography":[240],"climate":[242],"(total":[243],"biomass:":[244,251],"adjusted":[245,252],"=":[248,255],"0.313;":[249],"high\u2010quality":[250],"0.174).":[256],"Moreover,":[257],"only":[259],"one":[260],"exception":[261],"(elk":[262],"selected":[263,293],"pixels":[264],"where":[265],"instantaneous":[267],"rate":[268],"green\u2010up":[270],"near":[272],"its":[273],"peak),":[274],"were":[277],"least":[280],"predictors":[282],"Indeed,":[288],"although":[289],"all":[290],"three":[291],"species":[292],"biomass,":[295],"simultaneously":[299],"avoided":[300],"greener":[301],"pixels.":[302],"Our":[303],"results":[304],"indicate":[305],"limited":[311],"value":[312],"predicting":[314],"resources":[318],"environments.":[327],"Despite":[328],"intuitive":[330],"appeal":[331],"ease":[333],"accessibility,":[335],"cannot":[338],"always":[339],"be":[340],"substituted":[341],"measurements":[344],"traits":[347],"directly":[349],"influence":[350],"nutrient":[351],"intake":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
