{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225174158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","title":"Beyond Body Mass Index: Body Roundness Index Identifies Individuals at Risk for Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Beyond Body Mass Index: Body Roundness Index Identifies Individuals at Risk for Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225174158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/livers6060115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233479","display_name":"Livers","issn_l":"2673-4389","issn":["2673-4389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Livers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093508647","display_name":"Frhaan M. Zahrawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4618-1214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4618-1214"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frhaan Zahrawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4618-1214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135273986","display_name":"Mohamed Alharami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0621-2377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0621-2377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Alharami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Warren Hospital, Warren, MI 48093, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Warren Hospital, Warren, MI 48093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025749793","display_name":"Omar Salem Khattab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-3838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-3838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Khattab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143866372","display_name":"Christina Kafkis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Kafkis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115887446","display_name":"Mayar Azar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayar Azar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130757998","display_name":"Silvia Ramzy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Ramzy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983484","display_name":"Jay Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-1197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-1197"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113408819","display_name":"Amer Alsamman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Alsamman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Olympia Fields Hospital, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093508647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86354705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11207","display_name":"Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects","score":0.05570000037550926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-roundness-index","display_name":"body roundness index","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropometric-indices","display_name":"anthropometric indices","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waist-circumference","display_name":"waist circumference","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-glutamyl-transferase","display_name":"gamma-glutamyl transferase","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-steatosis","display_name":"hepatic steatosis","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-fibrosis","display_name":"liver fibrosis","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-elastography","display_name":"transient elastography","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhanes","display_name":"NHANES","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7483000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.70169997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365091","display_name":"Steatosis","level":2,"score":0.6574000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.6154999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780826214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324974","display_name":"Transient elastography","level":4,"score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232","display_name":"Waist","level":3,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178524689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16843882","display_name":"Body Shape Index","level":5,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058862","display_name":"Fatty liver","level":3,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162151065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798215","display_name":"Body adiposity index","level":5,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546498","display_name":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","level":4,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360841","display_name":"Liver biopsy","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780005051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797258","display_name":"Body fat percentage","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776877979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424288","display_name":"Transaminase","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41260117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668064","display_name":"Hepatology","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/livers6060115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233479","display_name":"Livers","issn_l":"2673-4389","issn":["2673-4389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Livers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/livers6060115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/livers6060115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233479","display_name":"Livers","issn_l":"2673-4389","issn":["2673-4389"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Livers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601494409","https://openalex.org/W2000134510","https://openalex.org/W2065130161","https://openalex.org/W2106937897","https://openalex.org/W2564467149","https://openalex.org/W2587779395","https://openalex.org/W2618832148","https://openalex.org/W2966059605","https://openalex.org/W3014767564","https://openalex.org/W3015579983","https://openalex.org/W3206299122","https://openalex.org/W4221119244","https://openalex.org/W4381893710","https://openalex.org/W4384157378","https://openalex.org/W4386701056","https://openalex.org/W4387729044","https://openalex.org/W4388487274","https://openalex.org/W4388817250","https://openalex.org/W4389513897","https://openalex.org/W4392524841","https://openalex.org/W4393115708","https://openalex.org/W4393183480","https://openalex.org/W4398236201","https://openalex.org/W4401289876","https://openalex.org/W4403964783","https://openalex.org/W4405802919","https://openalex.org/W4410031107","https://openalex.org/W4410364011","https://openalex.org/W4410776144","https://openalex.org/W4412026585","https://openalex.org/W4412601064","https://openalex.org/W4413772469","https://openalex.org/W7117245304","https://openalex.org/W7158787609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408854078","https://openalex.org/W4387729044","https://openalex.org/W4308201507","https://openalex.org/W4410031107","https://openalex.org/W7204711041","https://openalex.org/W4389513897","https://openalex.org/W7203975541","https://openalex.org/W4391842637","https://openalex.org/W4387396119","https://openalex.org/W4399322460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Metabolic":[1],"dysfunction":[2,15],"and":[3,32,50,52,89,135,140,145,207,229,239],"alcohol-associated":[4],"liver":[5,91],"disease":[6],"(MetALD)":[7],"is":[8,41,220],"characterized":[9],"by":[10,184],"the":[11,45,170,178,193,204,210],"coexistence":[12],"of":[13,159,215,242],"metabolic":[14,87],"with":[16,39,64,70,126,223,226],"moderate":[17],"alcohol":[18],"consumption.":[19],"Anthropometric":[20],"indices":[21,49],"have":[22],"emerged":[23],"as":[24],"simple,":[25],"non-invasive":[26],"tools":[27],"for":[28,130,142,174,200],"assessing":[29],"metabolic,":[30],"cardiovascular,":[31],"hepatic":[33],"steatosis":[34,100,228],"risks;":[35],"however,":[36],"their":[37,54],"association":[38,46],"MetALD":[40,51,82,127,160,175],"unclear.":[42],"We":[43,58],"evaluated":[44],"between":[47],"anthropometric":[48,233],"assessed":[53],"discriminative":[55,172],"performance.":[56],"Methods:":[57],"analyzed":[59],"2645":[60],"NHANES":[61],"2017\u20132020":[62],"participants":[63,83,154],"transient":[65],"elastography":[66],"data,":[67],"including":[68],"165":[69],"MetALD.":[71,243],"Body":[72],"roundness":[73],"index":[74],"(BRI)":[75],"was":[76],"categorized":[77],"into":[78],"weighted":[79],"quartiles.":[80],"Results:":[81],"had":[84,155],"significantly":[85],"worse":[86],"profiles":[88],"higher":[90],"enzymes":[92],"than":[93],"controls":[94],"(all":[95],"p":[96,149,163],"<":[97,150],"0.001).":[98],"Severe":[99],"increased":[101,115,157],"across":[102],"BRI":[103,121,185,219],"quartiles":[104,122],"from":[105,116],"1.8%":[106],"in":[107,111],"Q1":[108],"to":[109,118],"33.3%":[110],"Q4,":[112,146],"while":[113,203],"fibrosis":[114,230],"0%":[117],"6.7%.":[119],"Higher":[120,218],"were":[123],"independently":[124,221],"associated":[125,222],"after":[128],"adjustment":[129],"age,":[131],"sex,":[132],"race,":[133],"BMI,":[134],"WC":[136,206],"(OR":[137,161],"4,":[138],"11.1,":[139],"12.8":[141],"Q2,":[143],"Q3,":[144],"respectively;":[147],"all":[148],"0.012).":[151],"Non-Hispanic":[152],"Asian":[153],"an":[156],"risk":[158,240],"3;":[162],"=":[164,181,187,198],"0.016).":[165],"Waist":[166],"circumference":[167],"(WC)":[168],"demonstrated":[169,192],"highest":[171,194,211],"performance":[173,213],"(area":[176],"under":[177],"curve":[179],"[AUC]":[180],"0.773),":[182],"followed":[183],"(AUC":[186,197,214],"0.743).":[188],"Gamma-glutamyl":[189],"transferase":[190],"(GGT)":[191],"discrimination":[195],"value":[196],"0.776)":[199],"predicting":[201],"MetALD,":[202,224],"combined":[205],"GGT":[208],"showed":[209],"overall":[212],"0.817).":[216],"Conclusions:":[217],"along":[225],"greater":[227],"severity.":[231],"Simple":[232],"measures":[234],"may":[235],"aid":[236],"early":[237],"identification":[238],"stratification":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}