{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225164246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","title":"Defence mechanisms in medical students: An Australian perspective","display_name":"Defence mechanisms in medical students: An Australian perspective","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225164246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42972612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10398562261504702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13240397","display_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","issn_l":"1039-8562","issn":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146838809","display_name":"Raelynn\u00a0R. Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4854-5943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4854-5943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raelynn R Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4854-5943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017468686","display_name":"John D Cash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-0925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-0925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Cash","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-0925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075094017","display_name":"Richard Kanaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A Kanaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5146838809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88909969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10398562261504702","last_page":"10398562261504702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.31520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.07649999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-mechanisms","display_name":"defense mechanisms","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalytic-approach","display_name":"psychoanalytic perspective","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-adaptation","display_name":"hospital adaptation","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-culture","display_name":"institutional culture","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-centered-care","display_name":"patient-centered care","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-patient-relationship","display_name":"physician-patient relationship","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy-in-healthcare","display_name":"hierarchy in healthcare","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7160999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.6575999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779137570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243196","display_name":"EXPOSE","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018838755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Medical care","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992869663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39631","display_name":"Medical profession","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/10398562261504702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13240397","display_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","issn_l":"1039-8562","issn":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42972612","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42972612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10398562261504702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562261504702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13240397","display_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","issn_l":"1039-8562","issn":["1039-8562","1440-1665"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australasian Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541164384","https://openalex.org/W1598886025","https://openalex.org/W1972467352","https://openalex.org/W2021631678","https://openalex.org/W2071909507","https://openalex.org/W2085577934","https://openalex.org/W2119773081","https://openalex.org/W2144781063","https://openalex.org/W2221951317","https://openalex.org/W2300795973","https://openalex.org/W2397140020","https://openalex.org/W2552501277","https://openalex.org/W2898933053","https://openalex.org/W3023792998","https://openalex.org/W3102113310","https://openalex.org/W3161320923","https://openalex.org/W3208684051","https://openalex.org/W4250690201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2635940048","https://openalex.org/W7220124121","https://openalex.org/W4398169092","https://openalex.org/W7151993786","https://openalex.org/W1991557535","https://openalex.org/W3088591635","https://openalex.org/W4224057666","https://openalex.org/W2979997124","https://openalex.org/W2914656773","https://openalex.org/W2397140020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ObjectiveMedical":[0],"students'":[1],"entry":[2],"and":[3,28,70,85,92,111,123,139,165],"adaptation":[4],"to":[5,42,150],"the":[6,45,144],"health":[7],"system":[8],"represents":[9],"a":[10,18,35,47,66,79,155],"unique":[11],"psychological":[12],"challenge.":[13],"To":[14],"operate":[15],"successfully":[16],"within":[17],"hospital's":[19],"institutional":[20],"culture,":[21],"they":[22],"must":[23,113],"learn":[24],"its":[25,32],"unspoken":[26],"rules":[27],"their":[29,87,124],"place":[30,48],"in":[31,44,53,136,163],"hierarchy.":[33],"Such":[34],"transition":[36],"is":[37],"complicated":[38],"by":[39],"anxieties":[40,131],"inherent":[41],"being":[43],"hospital,":[46],"where":[49],"disease":[50],"can":[51,132],"end":[52],"death":[54],"rather":[55],"than":[56],"discharge.":[57],"In":[58],"defence":[59,73,98],"against":[60,135],"these":[61,83],"anxieties,":[62],"medical":[63,90,109],"students":[64,110],"deploy":[65],"range":[67],"of":[68,82,104,126,146],"individually":[69],"institutionally":[71],"preferred":[72],"mechanisms.":[74],"This":[75],"article":[76],"will":[77],"provide":[78],"psychoanalytical":[80],"account":[81],"defences":[84,122],"consider":[86],"implications":[88,160],"for":[89,161],"education":[91],"patient":[93],"care.ConclusionsWhilst":[94],"fending":[95],"off":[96],"anxiety,":[97],"mechanisms":[99],"may":[100],"also":[101],"impede":[102],"delivery":[103],"patient-centred":[105],"care.":[106,147],"Insiders":[107],"like":[108],"educators":[112],"convert":[114],"this":[115],"insight":[116],"into":[117],"strategies":[118],"that":[119,142],"circumvent":[120],"destructive":[121],"distortion":[125],"patient-doctor":[127],"relationships.":[128],"Healthcare's":[129],"inevitable":[130],"be":[133],"defended":[134],"more":[137],"constructive":[138],"creative":[140,156],"ways":[141],"enhance":[143],"quality":[145],"The":[148],"choice":[149],"take":[151],"or":[152],"resist":[153],"such":[154],"path":[157],"carries":[158],"major":[159],"healthcare":[162],"Australia":[164],"elsewhere.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
