{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225164102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","title":"Effect of Cold Chain Infrastructure on Distribution Effectiveness of Heat-Sensitive Pharmaceuticals: A Case of Rwanda Medical Supply Ltd","display_name":"Effect of Cold Chain Infrastructure on Distribution Effectiveness of Heat-Sensitive Pharmaceuticals: A Case of Rwanda Medical Supply Ltd","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225164102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","pdf_url":"https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT26OCT1253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189963","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)","issn_l":"2456-2165","issn":["2456-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT26OCT1253.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160562274","display_name":"Ganza Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132931743","display_name":"University of Kigali","ror":"https://ror.org/03v842g47","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganza Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kigali as Proceducural"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kigali as Proceducural","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160474022","display_name":"Martin Kang'ethe Gachukia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132931743","display_name":"University of Kigali","ror":"https://ror.org/03v842g47","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kang'ethe Gachukia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kigali as Proceducural"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kigali as Proceducural","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160480913","display_name":"Ishimwe Immaculee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132931743","display_name":"University of Kigali","ror":"https://ror.org/03v842g47","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishimwe Immaculee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kigali as Proceducural"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kigali as Proceducural","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132931743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80118555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"2540","last_page":"2540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.7246000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.7246000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.10989999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14121","display_name":"Business Logistics and Inventory Control","score":0.07349999994039536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-chain-infrastructure","display_name":"cold chain infrastructure","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-distribution","display_name":"drug distribution","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-competence","display_name":"employee competence","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-operating-procedures","display_name":"standard operating procedures","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-monitoring-system","display_name":"temperature monitoring system","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-chain-management","display_name":"cold chain management","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592197","display_name":"Cold chain","level":2,"score":0.9452999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.5722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.499099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988529969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5142478","display_name":"Cold storage","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62066863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283196","display_name":"Distribution management system","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513323569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554101","display_name":"Medical equipment","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192639820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114469","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","level":5,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","pdf_url":"https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT26OCT1253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189963","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)","issn_l":"2456-2165","issn":["2456-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23921618","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct1253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Effect of Cold Chain Infrastructure on Distribution Effectiveness of Heat-Sensitive Pharmaceuticals: A Case of Rwanda Medical Supply Ltd, 11 - 2026(10 - October), (2026-11-03)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26oct1253","pdf_url":"https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT26OCT1253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189963","display_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)","issn_l":"2456-2165","issn":["2456-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225164102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225164102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034946270","https://openalex.org/W2058263679","https://openalex.org/W2463029506","https://openalex.org/W2522683094","https://openalex.org/W2604088456","https://openalex.org/W2876758168","https://openalex.org/W2900990205","https://openalex.org/W2964200606","https://openalex.org/W2996295068","https://openalex.org/W3091840902","https://openalex.org/W3199794238","https://openalex.org/W4205808241","https://openalex.org/W4308579514","https://openalex.org/W4322625207","https://openalex.org/W4409846041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306194300","https://openalex.org/W2801845468","https://openalex.org/W7220786607","https://openalex.org/W7167101558","https://openalex.org/W2768369954","https://openalex.org/W4322625207","https://openalex.org/W3213344286","https://openalex.org/W4385665669","https://openalex.org/W4413360839","https://openalex.org/W3200836885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,50],"assessed":[2],"the":[3,10,25],"effect":[4],"of":[5,13,27,37,77],"cold":[6,28,83],"chain":[7,29,84],"infrastructure":[8],"on":[9,46],"distribution":[11,47],"effectiveness":[12],"heat-sensitive":[14],"pharmaceuticals":[15],"at":[16],"Rwanda":[17],"Medical":[18],"Supply":[19,54],"Ltd":[20],"(RMS).":[21],"Specifically,":[22],"it":[23],"examined":[24],"effects":[26],"equipment":[30],"reliability,":[31],"personnel":[32],"competence,":[33],"adequacy":[34],"and":[35,42,57,60,65,89,97],"implementation":[36],"Standard":[38],"Operating":[39],"Procedures":[40],"(SOPs),":[41],"temperature":[43],"monitoring":[44],"systems":[45],"effectiveness.":[48],"The":[49],"was":[51],"grounded":[52],"in":[53,82],"Chain":[55],"Management":[56],"Systems":[58],"theories":[59],"adopted":[61],"a":[62,73],"mixed-methods":[63],"descriptive":[64,93],"correlational":[66],"research":[67],"design.":[68],"Data":[69],"were":[70,90],"collected":[71],"from":[72],"stratified":[74],"random":[75],"sample":[76],"109":[78],"RMS":[79],"employees":[80],"involved":[81],"operations":[85],"using":[86,92],"structured":[87],"questionnaires":[88],"analysed":[91],"statistics,":[94],"Pearson":[95],"correlation,":[96],"multiple":[98],"linear":[99],"regression.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}