{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225163774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","title":"Risks and benefits of artificial intelligence across the perioperative surgical pathway: a review","display_name":"Risks and benefits of artificial intelligence across the perioperative surgical pathway: a review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225163774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138701282","display_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","issn_l":"1754-9493","issn":["1754-9493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069787598","display_name":"Mohammad Kermansaravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-9359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-9359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kermansaravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-9359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159157701","display_name":"Mohamed Hany","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029236948","display_name":"Ali Esparham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-9817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-9817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Esparham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015376347","display_name":"Athanasios G. Pantelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-2826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-2826"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Pantelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Surgical Department, Athens Medical Group Psychiko Clinic, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Surgical Department, Athens Medical Group Psychiko Clinic, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063255450","display_name":"RICARDO VITOR COHEN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098119","display_name":"Hospital Alem\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmzb398","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098119"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo V. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Hospital Alem\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Hospital Alem\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063255450","https://openalex.org/A5069787598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909","https://openalex.org/I4210098119"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77308649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perioperative-care","display_name":"perioperative care","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-safety","display_name":"AI safety","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-harm","display_name":"patient harm","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis-detection","display_name":"sepsis detection","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alert-burden","display_name":"alert burden","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nociception-level-index","display_name":"Nociception Level Index","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypotension-prediction","display_name":"hypotension prediction","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-anesthesia-care-unit-pain","display_name":"post-anesthesia care unit pain","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-surgery","display_name":"colorectal cancer surgery","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-complications","display_name":"surgical complications","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.8359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7914000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138701282","display_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","issn_l":"1754-9493","issn":["1754-9493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-026-00518-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138701282","display_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","issn_l":"1754-9493","issn":["1754-9493"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Patient Safety in Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221777272","https://openalex.org/W4411696500","https://openalex.org/W4411977620","https://openalex.org/W7224736538","https://openalex.org/W7207706049","https://openalex.org/W7164003200","https://openalex.org/W4402048880","https://openalex.org/W7112031452","https://openalex.org/W7168355085","https://openalex.org/W7152397415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"is":[3,45,315],"increasingly":[4],"evaluated":[5],"for":[6,87,101],"risk":[7],"prediction,":[8,202],"decision":[9],"support,":[10],"and":[11,42,61,75,116,151,168,203,212,248,311,320],"monitoring":[12],"across":[13],"surgical":[14,190,285],"care,":[15],"but":[16],"improved":[17],"model":[18],"performance":[19],"does":[20],"not":[21,214],"necessarily":[22],"prevent":[23],"patient":[24,55,300],"harm.":[25,191],"This":[26],"narrative":[27,66,103,141],"review":[28],"asks":[29],"whether":[30],"perioperative":[31,82,148,166,226,292,297],"AI":[32,83,298],"reduces":[33],"preventable":[34],"harm,":[35],"which":[36,243],"new":[37],"hazards":[38],"it":[39],"may":[40],"introduce,":[41],"what":[43],"evidence":[44,167,178,219,231,283,295],"required":[46],"to":[47,79,317],"establish":[48,318],"safe":[49],"clinical":[50,173],"use.":[51],"We":[52],"distinguish":[53],"demonstrated":[54,187],"outcomes":[56],"from":[57,171,209,233,284,287],"intermediate":[58,183,274],"physiological,":[59],"predictive,":[60],"operational":[62],"measures.":[63],"A":[64],"structured":[65],"literature":[67,149],"search":[68,115],"was":[69,95,119,132],"undertaken":[70],"in":[71,139,189,225,239,252],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[72],"Scopus,":[73],"Embase,":[74],"Web":[76],"of":[77,90,157,193,220,270],"Science":[78],"identify":[80],"relevant":[81],"publications.":[84],"The":[85,114,228,280],"Scale":[86],"the":[88,102,135,162,264],"Assessment":[89],"Narrative":[91],"Review":[92],"Articles":[93],"(SANRA)":[94],"used":[96],"as":[97,107,217],"a":[98,108,234,253],"quality-appraisal":[99],"framework":[100],"review,":[104,142],"rather":[105,121,185],"than":[106,122,186],"study-selection":[109],"or":[110,128,182,223],"systematic-review":[111],"reporting":[112],"methodology.":[113],"selection":[117],"process":[118],"descriptive":[120],"systematic;":[123],"no":[124],"formal":[125],"risk-of-bias":[126],"assessment":[127],"pooled":[129],"effect":[130],"estimation":[131],"performed.":[133],"Of":[134],"90":[136],"publications":[137],"included":[138],"this":[140],"68":[143],"(75.6%)":[144],"were":[145],"identified":[146],"through":[147,154],"searches":[150,156],"22":[152],"(24.4%)":[153],"targeted":[155],"non-surgical":[158,210],"healthcare":[159],"settings,":[160],"highlighting":[161],"distinction":[163],"between":[164],"direct":[165,218],"findings":[169],"extrapolated":[170],"other":[172],"contexts.":[174],"Across":[175],"safety-oriented":[176],"applications,":[177],"frequently":[179],"concerns":[180],"predictive":[181],"endpoints":[184,276],"reductions":[188],"Examples":[192],"AI-related":[194,322],"hazards,":[195],"including":[196],"missed":[197],"sepsis,":[198],"alert":[199],"burden,":[200],"inequitable":[201],"generated-text":[204],"errors,":[205],"are":[206],"partly":[207],"derived":[208],"settings":[211],"should":[213],"be":[215],"interpreted":[216],"their":[221],"incidence":[222],"impact":[224,305],"patients.":[227],"clearest":[229],"patient-outcome":[230],"came":[232],"nonrandomized":[235],"before\u2013after":[236],"implementation":[237],"study":[238],"colorectal":[240],"cancer":[241],"surgery,":[242],"reported":[244,256,273],"fewer":[245],"severe":[246],"complications,":[247],"randomized":[249,268,308],"trials":[250,269],"summarized":[251],"meta-analysis":[254],"that":[255,296],"lower":[257],"post-anesthesia":[258],"care":[259],"unit":[260],"pain":[261],"scores":[262],"with":[263,277],"Nociception":[265],"Level":[266],"Index;":[267],"hypotension":[271],"prediction":[272],"physiological":[275],"mixed":[278],"results.":[279],"synthesis":[281],"distinguishes":[282],"populations":[286],"transferable":[288],"safety":[289],"lessons":[290],"requiring":[291],"validation.":[293],"Direct":[294],"prevents":[299],"harm":[301],"remains":[302],"limited.":[303],"Prospective":[304],"evaluation,":[306],"ideally":[307],"when":[309],"feasible":[310],"using":[312],"patient-safety":[313],"endpoints,":[314],"needed":[316],"benefit":[319],"characterize":[321],"harms.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}