{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225163597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","title":"Who Can Afford to Buy a Home? Tourism Pressure and Profile-Based Housing Purchase Opportunities in Italian Cities","display_name":"Who Can Afford to Buy a Home? Tourism Pressure and Profile-Based Housing Purchase Opportunities in Italian Cities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225163597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/realestate3040023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997583","display_name":"Real Estate","issn_l":"2813-8090","issn":["2813-8090"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real Estate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083541210","display_name":"Irina Di Ruocco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irina Di Ruocco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 4/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 4/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083541210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88855693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11817","display_name":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-affordability","display_name":"housing affordability","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortgage-affordability","display_name":"mortgage affordability","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-intensity","display_name":"tourism intensity","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-to-income-ratio","display_name":"price-to-income ratio","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-profiles","display_name":"household profiles","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-cities","display_name":"Italian cities","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-couples","display_name":"young couples","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-income","display_name":"municipal income","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rental-affordability","display_name":"rental affordability","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7436000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180075932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333342","display_name":"Econometric model","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994302559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630687","display_name":"Rental housing","level":3,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190669063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282043","display_name":"Discrete choice","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993163201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60616546","display_name":"Urban tourism","level":4,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178131030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631360","display_name":"Price index","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992949716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512599","display_name":"House price","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/realestate3040023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997583","display_name":"Real Estate","issn_l":"2813-8090","issn":["2813-8090"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real Estate","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/realestate3040023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate3040023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997583","display_name":"Real Estate","issn_l":"2813-8090","issn":["2813-8090"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Real Estate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.761900007724762},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7307999730110168},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900258091","https://openalex.org/W2504605206","https://openalex.org/W2610886376","https://openalex.org/W2809346299","https://openalex.org/W2966515482","https://openalex.org/W3121369075","https://openalex.org/W3174641000","https://openalex.org/W4311903817","https://openalex.org/W4318064958","https://openalex.org/W4387124115","https://openalex.org/W4389300476","https://openalex.org/W4404834272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126104538","https://openalex.org/W1855262614","https://openalex.org/W1900258091","https://openalex.org/W2766007801","https://openalex.org/W2285018868","https://openalex.org/W4412008531","https://openalex.org/W2994703608","https://openalex.org/W2189259796","https://openalex.org/W3060352441","https://openalex.org/W7166730223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"simulated":[3],"mortgage-financed":[4],"home-purchase":[5],"opportunities":[6],"across":[7],"ten":[8],"Italian":[9],"cities":[10,194],"from":[11],"2008":[12],"to":[13,17,55,169],"2024":[14],"in":[15,136],"relation":[16],"tourism":[18,130,188,205],"intensity,":[19],"residential":[20,121],"prices,":[21],"local":[22],"incomes":[23],"and":[24,48,68,77,92,105,190,198],"mortgage":[25,46],"conditions.":[26],"The":[27,186],"unbalanced":[28],"estimation":[29],"sample":[30],"includes":[31],"160":[32],"city-year":[33,63],"observations,":[34],"generating":[35],"960":[36],"deterministic":[37],"scenarios":[38,88],"for":[39,89,102,107],"six":[40],"representative":[41],"household":[42],"profiles.":[43],"Price-to-income":[44],"ratios,":[45],"burdens":[47],"a":[49],"Housing":[50],"Opportunity":[51],"Index":[52],"are":[53,95],"used":[54],"characterise":[56],"these":[57],"scenarios.":[58],"Two-way":[59],"fixed-effects":[60,113],"models":[61],"estimate":[62],"associations,":[64],"while":[65],"Random":[66,155],"Forest":[67,156],"Histogram":[69],"Gradient":[70],"Boosting":[71],"assess":[72],"out-of-sample":[73],"prediction":[74],"under":[75,159],"temporal":[76,160],"leave-one-city-out":[78],"validation.":[79],"At":[80],"an":[81,170],"assumed":[82],"30%":[83],"mortgage-burden":[84],"threshold,":[85],"64.4%":[86],"of":[87,183,193],"young":[90,103],"couples":[91],"higher-income":[93],"households":[94],"classified":[96],"as":[97],"affordable,":[98],"compared":[99],"with":[100,120],"31.3%":[101],"singles":[104],"17.5%":[106],"tourism-sector":[108],"workers.":[109],"In":[110],"the":[111,138],"reported":[112],"specifications,":[114],"municipal":[115],"income":[116],"is":[117,132],"positively":[118],"associated":[119],"prices":[122],"(\u03b2":[123,140,149],"=":[124,127,141,144,150,153,163,174],"3.896;":[125],"p":[126,143,152],"0.033),":[128],"whereas":[129],"intensity":[131],"not":[133,166,181,200],"statistically":[134],"significant":[135],"either":[137],"price":[139],"\u22120.147;":[142],"0.528)":[145],"or":[146,206],"price-to-income":[147],"model":[148],"\u22120.088;":[151],"0.677).":[154],"performs":[157],"well":[158],"validation":[161],"(R2":[162,173],"0.742)":[164],"but":[165],"when":[167],"transferred":[168],"unseen":[171],"city":[172],"\u22120.292).":[175],"These":[176],"percentages":[177],"represent":[178],"scenario":[179],"frequencies,":[180],"shares":[182],"actual":[184],"residents.":[185],"reconstructed":[187],"series":[189],"small":[191],"number":[192],"limit":[195],"statistical":[196],"inference":[197],"do":[199],"support":[201],"causal":[202],"claims":[203],"about":[204],"conclusions":[207],"regarding":[208],"rental":[209],"affordability.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}
