{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225162385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","title":"Adaptive Anomaly Detection for Identifying Emerging Cybersecurity Threats in Networked Systems","display_name":"Adaptive Anomaly Detection for Identifying Emerging Cybersecurity Threats in Networked Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225162385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","pdf_url":"https://rjsaonline.org/index.php/JGST/article/download/961/1357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062480","display_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","issn_l":"3106-7239","issn":["3106-7239","3106-7247"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://rjsaonline.org/index.php/JGST/article/download/961/1357","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160503594","display_name":"Muhammad Arsalan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100043","display_name":"Superior University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh88643","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arsalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160393251","display_name":"Fahad Ashraf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36448004","display_name":"Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yfc2w21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160516080","display_name":"Samter Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samter Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Management and Technology, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Management and Technology, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088643879","display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-0179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-0179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84805527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"11","first_page":"151","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-anomaly-detection","display_name":"adaptive anomaly detection","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection","display_name":"intrusion detection","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-analysis","display_name":"network traffic analysis","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"concept drift","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-reduction","display_name":"false positive reduction","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-protocols","display_name":"communication protocols","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-classification","display_name":"machine learning classification","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7504000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7174000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.691100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137524506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2247688","display_name":"Anomaly-based intrusion detection system","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81877898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965787","display_name":"Network monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","pdf_url":"https://rjsaonline.org/index.php/JGST/article/download/961/1357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062480","display_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","issn_l":"3106-7239","issn":["3106-7239","3106-7247"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71317/jgst.2.11.2026.961","pdf_url":"https://rjsaonline.org/index.php/JGST/article/download/961/1357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062480","display_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","issn_l":"3106-7239","issn":["3106-7239","3106-7247"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Global Social Transformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225162385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225162385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2787957674","https://openalex.org/W2795175906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155399167","https://openalex.org/W7147555265","https://openalex.org/W4403398349","https://openalex.org/W4413154189","https://openalex.org/W7128699805","https://openalex.org/W4413902300","https://openalex.org/W4413868988","https://openalex.org/W7161726415","https://openalex.org/W7214157738","https://openalex.org/W7118384160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,107,120,168,200],"rapid":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,145,161,170,178],"cybersecurity":[4,49,198],"threats":[5,50],"in":[6,27,164,174],"networked":[7],"systems":[8],"has":[9],"increased":[10],"the":[11,22,125,158,176],"demand":[12],"for":[13,46,96,206],"intelligent,":[14],"scalable,":[15],"and":[16,31,39,60,80,103,116,137,181,191,213],"adaptive":[17,42,126,162,189],"intrusion":[18],"detection":[19,44,128,149,185],"mechanisms":[20],"within":[21],"Computer":[23],"Science":[24],"domain,":[25],"particularly":[26],"cybersecurity,":[28],"machine":[29,57,183],"learning,":[30],"network":[32,52,68,89,166,217],"security.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35,172],"focused":[36],"on":[37],"developing":[38],"evaluating":[40],"an":[41],"anomaly":[43,101,127],"framework":[45,66],"identifying":[47],"emerging":[48,154],"through":[51],"traffic":[53,69,76],"analysis,":[54],"feature":[55],"extraction,":[56],"learning":[58,163,184,190],"classification,":[59,102],"concept":[61,192],"drift":[62,193],"adaptation.":[63],"computational":[65,92,117],"incorporated":[67],"characteristics,":[70],"including":[71],"packet":[72],"frequency,":[73],"connection":[74],"duration,":[75],"volume,":[77],"communication":[78],"protocols,":[79],"source-destination":[81],"behavior,":[82],"to":[83],"distinguish":[84],"legitimate":[85],"activities":[86],"from":[87],"anomalous":[88],"patterns.":[90],"Python-based":[91],"techniques":[93],"were":[94],"employed":[95],"data":[97],"preprocessing,":[98],"model":[99,129],"development,":[100],"comparative":[104],"performance":[105],"evaluation.":[106],"analysis":[108,122],"examined":[109],"accuracy,":[110,132],"precision,":[111,134],"recall,":[112,136],"F1-score,":[113,140],"false-positive":[114,143],"rate,":[115],"processing":[118],"time.":[119],"reported":[121],"indicated":[123],"that":[124],"achieved":[130],"96.80%":[131],"95.90%":[133],"95.40%":[135],"a":[138,142,196,204],"95.65%":[139],"with":[141],"rate":[144],"3.10%.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"its":[148],"accuracy":[150],"remained":[151],"89.70%":[152],"under":[153],"attack":[155],"patterns,":[156],"demonstrating":[157],"potential":[159],"importance":[160],"dynamic":[165],"environments.":[167],"significance":[169],"this":[171],"lies":[173],"addressing":[175],"limitations":[177],"conventional":[179],"signature-based":[180],"static":[182],"approaches":[186],"by":[187],"integrating":[188],"management":[194],"into":[195],"unified":[197],"framework.":[199],"proposed":[201],"approach":[202],"provides":[203],"foundation":[205],"improving":[207],"threat":[208],"identification,":[209],"reducing":[210],"false":[211],"alarms,":[212],"supporting":[214],"more":[215],"responsive":[216],"security":[218],"systems.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}