{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225148787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","title":"Governing Clinical AI Deployment: A Mathematical Framework for Transparency-Dependent Autonomy","display_name":"Governing Clinical AI Deployment: A Mathematical Framework for Transparency-Dependent Autonomy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225148787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058496897","display_name":"Yunguo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2003-3813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2003-3813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunguo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2003-3813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040133772","display_name":"Bernardo Gabriele Colla\u00e7o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-2646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-2646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Gabriele Collaco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-2646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507207","display_name":"S. Prabha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-8493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-8493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasagam Prabha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-8493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033148739","display_name":"Syed Ali Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5621-2861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5621-2861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5621-2861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056885974","display_name":"Carina Rosa Malena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2883-957X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2883-957X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carina Rosa Malena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096114157","display_name":"Yogesh Parte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Parte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059276975","display_name":"Nadia G. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-6427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-6427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia G. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology AI IT, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-6427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology AI IT, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005864006","display_name":"Bradley C. Leibovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-6659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-6659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley C. Leibovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-6659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056645212","display_name":"Antonio J. Forte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-7538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-7538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146710","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzw1w08","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Jorge Forte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-7538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056645212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210146710"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.772147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"3736","last_page":"3736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.33469998836517334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-clinical-practice","display_name":"clinical implementation of AI","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-score","display_name":"trust score","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanation-quality","display_name":"explanation quality","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guideline-alignment","display_name":"guideline alignment","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-threshold","display_name":"confidence threshold","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-threshold","display_name":"adaptive threshold","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-budget","display_name":"error budget","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop-decision-making","display_name":"human-in-the-loop decision making","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimic-iv","display_name":"MIMIC-IV","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eicu","display_name":"eICU","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885383","display_name":"Deferral","level":2,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6051999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156884757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798554","display_name":"Backtracking","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780398090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317722","display_name":"Revalidation","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63002673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260590","display_name":"Scoring rule","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77265313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879844","display_name":"Rest (music)","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169806903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937752","display_name":"Human error","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F1572935432","display_name":"Schmidt Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044fk6795"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306143","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101746535","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2727650337","https://openalex.org/W2738975713","https://openalex.org/W2789970635","https://openalex.org/W2891400669","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2934399013","https://openalex.org/W2943200914","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W3007453563","https://openalex.org/W3173667512","https://openalex.org/W3209901185","https://openalex.org/W4280572991","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4361012985","https://openalex.org/W4384561684","https://openalex.org/W4389947931","https://openalex.org/W4409155036","https://openalex.org/W4410768669","https://openalex.org/W4413880252","https://openalex.org/W4415269139","https://openalex.org/W7152994408","https://openalex.org/W7159842253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7102605496","https://openalex.org/W7163215908","https://openalex.org/W7216080120","https://openalex.org/W7165895454","https://openalex.org/W4413880252","https://openalex.org/W7219924872","https://openalex.org/W7220729441","https://openalex.org/W7125649792","https://openalex.org/W4303685751","https://openalex.org/W7161688464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Healthcare":[1],"institutions":[2],"lack":[3],"explicit,":[4],"quantitative":[5],"rules":[6],"for":[7,196,202],"deciding":[8],"when":[9,76],"a":[10,27,72,103,116,120,215,252],"clinical":[11],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"system":[15],"may":[16],"act":[17],"without":[18],"human":[19],"review.":[20],"Objective:":[21],"To":[22],"formalize":[23],"and":[24,53,57,102,108,114,141,162,168],"retrospectively":[25],"evaluate":[26],"transparency-dependent":[28],"deployment":[29,245],"rule.":[30],"Methods:":[31],"A":[32],"trust":[33],"score,":[34],"T":[35],"=":[36,65,183],"0.60C":[37,77],"+":[38,40,67,78,80],"0.24E":[39],"0.16S,":[41],"combines":[42],"calibrated":[43,249],"confidence":[44,117,172,250],"in":[45,88],"the":[46,86,124,135,147,153,203,220],"predicted":[47],"class":[48],"(C),":[49],"explanation":[50],"quality":[51],"(E),":[52],"guideline":[54],"alignment":[55],"(S)":[56],"is":[58,74,231],"compared":[59],"with":[60,119,179,225,251],"an":[61,189],"adaptive":[62],"threshold,":[63],"\u03c4(E)":[64],"\u03b80":[66],"\u03ba(1":[68],"\u2212":[69],"E);":[70],"equivalently,":[71],"prediction":[73],"deployed":[75,128,207,223],"0.44E":[79],"0.16S":[81],"\u2265":[82],"0.70.":[83],"We":[84],"evaluated":[85],"rule":[87,222],"5000":[89,95],"MIMIC-IV":[90],"intensive":[91],"care":[92],"unit":[93],"patients,":[94],"eICU":[96],"patients":[97],"from":[98],"about":[99],"200":[100],"hospitals,":[101],"MIMIC-III":[104],"cohort,":[105],"against":[106],"confidence-only":[107],"random":[109],"deferral":[110,151],"at":[111,193,214],"matched":[112,150],"coverage,":[113],"tested":[115],"threshold":[118,187],"finite-sample":[121],"guarantee":[122],"on":[123,208,248],"error":[125,190,217,227,237,254],"rate":[126,191],"among":[127],"predictions.":[129],"Results:":[130],"In":[131],"MIMIC-IV,":[132],"areas":[133],"under":[134],"curve":[136],"were":[137],"0.77\u20130.81":[138],"(prolonged":[139],"stay)":[140],"0.83\u20130.88":[142],"(mortality).":[143],"Within":[144],"each":[145],"model,":[146,206],"rule\u2019s":[148],"decisions":[149],"of":[152,192,198,212],"least-confident":[154],"cases":[155],"by":[156],"C":[157],"alone":[158],"(99.4\u2013100%":[159],"agreement);":[160],"E":[161,175],"S":[163],"acted":[164],"as":[165],"model-level":[166],"offsets,":[167],"re-optimized":[169],"weights":[170],"selected":[171],"alone.":[173],"Computational":[174],"was":[176],"not":[177],"correlated":[178],"physician-rated":[180],"utility":[181],"(r":[182],"\u22120.15).":[184],"The":[185],"guaranteed":[186],"certified":[188,253],"most":[194],"10%":[195],"86\u201397%":[197],"mortality":[199],"predictions":[200,213],"but,":[201],"primary":[204],"prolonged-stay":[205],"average":[209],"only":[210],"15%":[211],"20%":[216],"budget,":[218],"whereas":[219],"default":[221],"77%":[224],"no":[226],"guarantee.":[228,255],"Conclusions:":[229],"Transparency":[230],"better":[232],"suited":[233],"to":[234],"setting":[235],"system-level":[236],"budgets":[238],"than":[239],"per-case":[240],"thresholds;":[241],"per":[242],"case,":[243],"autonomous":[244],"should":[246],"rest":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}