{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225147165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","title":"Admission Absolute Eosinophil Count can Discriminate Influenza from Other Respiratory Pathogens in Hospitalized Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","display_name":"Admission Absolute Eosinophil Count can Discriminate Influenza from Other Respiratory Pathogens in Hospitalized Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225147165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11324101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11324101/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160408006","display_name":"Yalan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021494874","display_name":"Weibo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-7986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-7986"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hui Chuan District People's Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hui Chuan District People's Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160413943","display_name":"Yang Shuai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101294386","display_name":"Zhongbao Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongbao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160498320","display_name":"Ren Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11243","display_name":"Respiratory viral infections research","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza","display_name":"influenza","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-eosinophil-count","display_name":"absolute eosinophil count","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-respiratory-tract-infection","display_name":"lower respiratory tract infection","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalized-children","display_name":"hospitalized children","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-parameters","display_name":"hematological parameters","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eosinophilia","display_name":"eosinophilia","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-therapy","display_name":"antiviral therapy","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8690999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.642300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory tract infections","level":3,"score":0.5670999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777037409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107238","display_name":"Eosinophil","level":3,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993183539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory infection","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776399701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3631290","display_name":"Lower respiratory tract infection","level":4,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622199","display_name":"Upper respiratory tract infection","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74133956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669824","display_name":"Absolute neutrophil count","level":4,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383260","display_name":"Influenza vaccine","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11324101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11324101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11324101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336617","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225147165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225147165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513224400","https://openalex.org/W1527855636","https://openalex.org/W2074305949","https://openalex.org/W2156778277","https://openalex.org/W2161119837","https://openalex.org/W2201202439","https://openalex.org/W2625657664","https://openalex.org/W2944903485","https://openalex.org/W2945423994","https://openalex.org/W2952463011","https://openalex.org/W2953289802","https://openalex.org/W2954221328","https://openalex.org/W3021194706","https://openalex.org/W3022423927","https://openalex.org/W3042789651","https://openalex.org/W3042855511","https://openalex.org/W3043642888","https://openalex.org/W3180600735","https://openalex.org/W3199384983","https://openalex.org/W4381248646","https://openalex.org/W4383341253","https://openalex.org/W4388138751","https://openalex.org/W4400287827","https://openalex.org/W4400568795","https://openalex.org/W4401545111","https://openalex.org/W4401889785","https://openalex.org/W4412738583","https://openalex.org/W4413024277","https://openalex.org/W7172451245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381248646","https://openalex.org/W4406699308","https://openalex.org/W4400568795","https://openalex.org/W4414552667","https://openalex.org/W4399803481","https://openalex.org/W3152573203","https://openalex.org/W3032697615","https://openalex.org/W3099612781","https://openalex.org/W2981440685","https://openalex.org/W7137111588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Given":[2],"that":[3,140,176],"influenza":[4,59,77,133,203,217,271],"is":[5,15],"frequently":[6],"diagnosed":[7],"late":[8],"in":[9,37,131,141,156,177,200,214],"children":[10,38,51,121,201,215],"when":[11],"nucleic":[12],"acid":[13],"testing":[14],"unavailable,":[16],"a":[17,266,276],"low-cost":[18,267],"indicator":[19],"obtained":[20],"from":[21,195,209],"routine":[22,95,252],"blood":[23,124],"counts":[24,125],"would":[25],"be":[26],"clinically":[27],"useful.":[28],"Therefore,":[29],"we":[30],"evaluated":[31],"the":[32,73,80,107,110,132,142,151,186,222,228],"absolute":[33],"eosinophil":[34],"count":[35],"(EOS)":[36],"with":[39,52,58,70,202,238],"and":[40,60,76,87,102,170,208,255,257],"without":[41,62,216],"influenza.":[42],"Methods":[43],"This":[44],"retrospective":[45],"cohort":[46],"study":[47],"enrolled":[48],"252":[49],"hospitalized":[50],"lower":[53,138,174,240],"respiratory":[54],"tract":[55],"infections":[56],"(122":[57],"130":[61],"influenza).":[63],"A":[64,116],"multivariable":[65],"linear":[66],"regression":[67],"was":[68,92,136,154,173,224,236],"fitted":[69],"ln(EOS)":[71],"as":[72,79,265,275],"dependent":[74],"variable":[75],"status":[78],"exposure":[81],"variable,":[82],"adjusted":[83],"for":[84,269,279],"age,":[85],"sex,":[86],"glucocorticoid":[88],"exposure.":[89],"Discriminant":[90],"performance":[91],"assessed":[93],"against":[94],"hematological":[96,253],"indices,":[97],"high-sensitivity":[98],"C-reactive":[99],"protein":[100],"(hs-CRP),":[101],"interleukin-6,":[103],"using":[104],"analyses":[105],"including":[106],"area":[108],"under":[109],"receiver":[111],"operating":[112],"characteristic":[113],"curve":[114],"(AUC).":[115],"paired":[117,187],"subgroup":[118,188,223],"of":[119,158,230],"92":[120],"underwent":[122],"repeat":[123],"before":[126],"discharge.":[127],"Results":[128],"Admission":[129],"EOS":[130,149,172,193,247,264],"group":[134,144],"(0.0175\u00d710\u2079/L)":[135],"significantly":[137],"than":[139,175],"non-influenza":[143],"(0.1565\u00d710\u2079/L;":[145],"P":[146,182,205,219],"<":[147,183,206],"0.001).":[148,184],"below":[150],"reportable":[152],"limit":[153],"detected":[155],"76.2%":[157],"cases":[159],"(adjusted":[160],"odds":[161],"ratio":[162],"(OR)":[163],"6.61,":[164],"95%":[165],"confidence":[166],"interval":[167],"(CI)":[168],"3.54\u201312.34),":[169],"median":[171],"all":[178],"other":[179],"groups":[180],"(all":[181],"In":[185],"(44":[189],"influenza,":[190],"48":[191],"non-influenza),":[192],"increased":[194,244],"0.0215":[196],"to":[197,211,226],"0.0745":[198],"\u00d710\u2079/L":[199,213],"(":[204,218],"0.001)":[207],"0.0869":[210],"0.1363":[212],"=":[220],"0.087);":[221],"underpowered":[225],"compare":[227],"magnitude":[229],"change":[231],"between":[232],"groups.":[233],"Conclusions":[234],"Influenza":[235],"associated":[237],"markedly":[239],"admission":[241],"EOS,":[242],"which":[243],"during":[245],"recovery.":[246],"added":[248],"discriminative":[249],"information":[250],"beyond":[251],"indices":[254],"hs-CRP,":[256],"its":[258],"high":[259],"negative":[260],"predictive":[261],"value":[262],"supports":[263],"adjunct":[268],"frontline":[270],"recognition":[272],"but":[273],"not":[274],"standalone":[277],"trigger":[278],"antiviral":[280],"therapy.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}