{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225144245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","title":"Soluble Anionic Porphyrin for Detecting Hg(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Zn(II) Ions by Fluorescence and UV-Visible Spectral Studies","display_name":"Soluble Anionic Porphyrin for Detecting Hg(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Zn(II) Ions by Fluorescence and UV-Visible Spectral Studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225144245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052324","display_name":"Afrischolar Discovery","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4391012544","host_organization_name":"Afrischolar Discovery Initiative","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012544"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160556234","display_name":"Gabriel Kehinde Obiyenwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obiyenwa, Gabriel Kehinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053805059","display_name":"Tenimu Abubakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-0881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-0881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar, Tenimu Adogah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075149178","display_name":"Aloysius Akaangee Pam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-568X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-568X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pam, Aloysius Akaangee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Lokoja Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68983829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10903","display_name":"Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry","score":0.7109000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10903","display_name":"Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry","score":0.7109000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10532","display_name":"Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection","score":0.28369998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anionic-porphyrins","display_name":"anionic porphyrins","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl-porphyrin","display_name":"TPPS4","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meso-tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl-porphyrin","display_name":"meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfonated-porphyrins","display_name":"sulfonated porphyrins","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-ion-detection","display_name":"metal ion sensing","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescent-sensing","display_name":"fluorescence sensing","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-ions","display_name":"heavy metal ions","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mercury-ii","display_name":"mercury(II)","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd-ii","display_name":"cadmium(II)","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-ii","display_name":"lead(II)","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu-ii","display_name":"copper(II)","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferric-iron","display_name":"iron(III)","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zn-ii","display_name":"zinc(II)","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-quenching","display_name":"fluorescence quenching","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-sensors","display_name":"optical sensors","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-pollution-monitoring","display_name":"water pollution monitoring","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779480358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422926","display_name":"Porphyrin","level":2,"score":0.8514999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.8026999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.6998000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6931999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199164860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822745","display_name":"Metal ions in aqueous solution","level":3,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191274033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332829","display_name":"Absorption band","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116569031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899107","display_name":"Ligand (biochemistry)","level":3,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158711907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768467","display_name":"Fluorescence spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994048982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768467","display_name":"Fluorescence spectrometry","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052324","display_name":"Afrischolar Discovery","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4391012544","host_organization_name":"Afrischolar Discovery Initiative","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012544"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60787/ijrti.vol3no2.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052324","display_name":"Afrischolar Discovery","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4391012544","host_organization_name":"Afrischolar Discovery Initiative","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012544"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7016118273","https://openalex.org/W3036403519","https://openalex.org/W3037548811","https://openalex.org/W4368361050","https://openalex.org/W4388681297","https://openalex.org/W7167239364","https://openalex.org/W2058390059","https://openalex.org/W4387803894","https://openalex.org/W3103574040","https://openalex.org/W2087340037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"sensors":[1],"for":[2,18,25],"detecting":[3],"metal":[4,170,198],"ion":[5],"contaminants":[6],"in":[7,95,127,165,200],"the":[8,29,62,125,128,146,159,163,166,182,194,210,221],"environment":[9],"are":[10],"being":[11],"developed":[12],"because":[13],"of":[14,31,51,61,64,81,92,97,111,120,130,148,162,168,193,212],"a":[15,43],"growing":[16],"need":[17],"timely,":[19],"simple,":[20],"and":[21,45,53,73,78,101,103,108,117,124,134,150,179,181,190,208,220],"reliable":[22],"techniques":[23,173],"required":[24],"monitoring":[26],"or":[27,142],"controlling":[28],"presence":[30,63,167,211],"some":[32,213],"toxic":[33,214],"cations":[34,215],"released.":[35],"A":[36],"water-soluble":[37],"anionic":[38],"porphyrin":[39,164],"was":[40,84,185],"synthesized":[41],"by":[42],"simple":[44],"affordable":[46],"procedure":[47],"that":[48],"entails":[49],"sulfonation":[50],"meso-tetraphenylporphyrin":[52],"purification,":[54],"using":[55],"modified":[56],"standard":[57],"methods.":[58],"The":[59,172],"effect":[60],"0.33":[65],"mM":[66],"Ca2+,":[67],"Cd2+,":[68],"Pb2+,":[69],"Hg2+,":[70],"Cu2+,":[71],"Zn2+,":[72],"Fe3+":[74],"ions":[75,199],"on":[76],"absorption":[77,105],"fluorescence":[79,98,113,140],"spectra":[80],"meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin":[82],"(TPPS4)":[83],"investigated":[85],"at":[86],"25":[87,90],"\u00b0C":[88],"within":[89],"minutes":[91],"interaction.":[93],"Shifts":[94],"wavelength":[96],"peaks":[99,114],"(Hg2+":[100],"Cd2+)":[102],"Soret":[104],"band":[106,122],"(Cd2+":[107],"Zn2+);":[109,118],"emergence":[110],"new":[112],"(Pb2+,":[115],"Fe3+,":[116],"splitting":[119],"B":[121],"(Fe3+);":[123],"reduction":[126],"number":[129],"Q":[131],"bands":[132],"(Zn2+":[133],"Hg2+)":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"outright":[139],"quenching":[141,144],"near":[143],"(in":[145],"case":[147],"Cu2+":[149],"Hg2+":[151],"ions,":[152],"respectively)":[153],"have":[154],"been":[155],"used":[156,174,205],"to":[157,206],"describe":[158],"characteristic":[160],"behaviour":[161],"these":[169],"ions.":[171],"were":[175],"easy,":[176],"sensitive,":[177],"fast,":[178],"inexpensive,":[180],"organic":[183],"molecule":[184],"chemically":[186],"stable.":[187],"These":[188],"selective":[189],"reversible":[191],"interactions":[192],"ligand":[195],"with":[196],"heavy":[197],"aqueous":[201],"solution":[202],"could":[203],"be":[204],"detect":[207],"monitor":[209],"released":[216],"into":[217],"water":[218],"bodies":[219],"environment.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}