{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225140997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","title":"Cognitive Control as Precision Regulation: From Predictive Coding to Adaptive Behaviou","display_name":"Cognitive Control as Precision Regulation: From Predictive Coding to Adaptive Behaviou","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225140997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126659497","display_name":"Enrico Giraldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9811-2293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9811-2293"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Giraldi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9811-2293","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070830586","display_name":"Riccardo Proietti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-3103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-3103"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Proietti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053290697","display_name":"Giovanni Pezzulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-8282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-8282"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Pezzulo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-8282","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.07029999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-control","display_name":"cognitive control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-coding","display_name":"predictive coding","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-inference","display_name":"active inference","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-maintenance","display_name":"goal maintenance","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-switching","display_name":"task switching","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-allocation","display_name":"control allocation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-monitoring","display_name":"conflict monitoring","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-effort","display_name":"cognitive effort","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-generative-models","display_name":"hierarchical generative models","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception-action-loop","display_name":"perception-action loop","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontoparietal-network","display_name":"frontoparietal network","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-modulation","display_name":"dopaminergic modulation","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-modulation","display_name":"noradrenergic modulation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-modulation","display_name":"cholinergic modulation","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-directed-behavior","display_name":"goal-directed behavior","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"flexibility","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66102695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141208","display_name":"Cognitive flexibility","level":3,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93500599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7687352","display_name":"Task switching","level":3,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124527596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17029359","display_name":"Hierarchical control system","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166109690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677422","display_name":"Action selection","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:70d5fc24-1f4e-4632-b209-59ced0c1180e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/b8vpm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b8vpm","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225150501","https://openalex.org/W4410421564","https://openalex.org/W2938738562","https://openalex.org/W7212241628","https://openalex.org/W2157012098","https://openalex.org/W2055472358","https://openalex.org/W4286203002","https://openalex.org/W7164901373","https://openalex.org/W68422413","https://openalex.org/W2767347732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"control":[1,32,39,45,74,102,197,223,231,267],"is":[2],"traditionally":[3],"conceptualized":[4],"as":[5,200],"a":[6,35,62,170,207],"set":[7,36],"of":[8,37,107,139,156,160,166,176,203,212,261],"top-down":[9],"mechanisms":[10],"that":[11,71,78,144],"selectand":[12],"regulate":[13],"stimulus\u2013response":[14],"mappings":[15],"to":[16,69,99,187,250],"support":[17],"goal-directed":[18,230],"and":[19,33,49,96,113,118,132,159,179,190,218,232,252,255,281,286,289],"flexible":[20],"behaviour.Traditional":[21],"accounts":[22],"have":[23],"provided":[24],"fundamental":[25],"insights":[26],"into":[27],"the":[28,72,108,120,137,145,154,164,174,183,210,226,234,246,259,265,272,295],"neural":[29,276],"architecture":[30],"ofcognitive":[31],"identified":[34],"core":[38,73],"processes,":[40],"including":[41],"goal":[42,216],"maintenance,":[43],"taskswitching,":[44],"allocation,":[46,224],"conflict":[47],"monitoring,":[48],"cognitive":[50,101,167,171,256],"effort.":[51],"However,":[52],"they":[53],"rarelyaddress":[54],"how":[55],"these":[56,134],"functions":[57,75],"can":[58],"be":[59],"integrated":[60],"within":[61,206],"common":[63],"computational":[64],"architecture.Furthermore,":[65],"most":[66],"theories":[67],"tend":[68],"assume":[70],"use":[76],"specializedmechanisms":[77],"are":[79],"fundamentally":[80],"distinct":[81],"from":[82,104],"those":[83],"supporting":[84,111],"action\u2013perception":[85],"loops.Here,":[86],"we":[87,270],"review":[88],"an":[89],"alternative":[90],"perspective":[91],"grounded":[92],"in":[93,278],"predictive":[94,116],"coding":[95,117],"active":[97],"inference,according":[98],"which":[100],"emerges":[103],"hierarchical":[105],"elaborations":[106],"samegenerative":[109],"inference":[110],"perception":[112],"action.":[114],"Within":[115],"activeinference,":[119],"brain":[121],"continuously":[122],"generates":[123],"predictions":[124,135,292],"about":[125,244],"sensory":[126,151],"inputs,":[127],"actions,":[128],"andtheir":[129],"expected":[130],"consequences,":[131],"updates":[133],"on":[136],"basis":[138],"precision-weightedprediction":[140],"errors.":[141],"We":[142],"argue":[143],"same":[146],"precision-weighting":[147],"mechanism,":[148],"when":[149,236],"operatingbeyond":[150],"processing\u2014to":[152],"optimize":[153],"precision":[155,204,211,221,263],"higher-level":[157,213],"beliefs":[158,214],"courses":[161],"ofaction":[162],"(policies)\u2014provides":[163],"foundations":[165],"control,":[168],"allowing":[169],"system":[172],"tobalance":[173],"stability":[175],"current":[177],"goals":[178],"task":[180,239],"representations":[181],"against":[182],"flexibility":[184],"requiredto":[185],"respond":[186],"unexpected":[188],"information":[189,243],"environmental":[191],"changes.":[192],"From":[193],"this":[194],"perspective,":[195],"thecore":[196],"processes":[198,277,283],"emerge":[199],"different":[201],"facets":[202],"regulation":[205],"hierarchicalgenerative":[208],"model:":[209],"supports":[215,222],"maintenance":[217],"taskswitching;":[219],"policy":[220,248],"setting":[225],"balance":[227],"between":[228],"habitualand":[229],"prioritizing":[233],"latter":[235],"required":[237],"by":[238],"demands;":[240],"conflictmonitoring":[241],"provides":[242],"whether":[245],"selected":[247],"continues":[249],"produceexpected":[251],"preferred":[253],"outcomes;":[254],"effort":[257],"reflects":[258],"cost":[260],"increasing":[262],"tochange":[264],"resulting":[266],"configuration.":[268],"Finally,":[269],"link":[271],"precision-based":[273],"computations":[274],"toputative":[275],"frontoparietal":[279],"networks":[280],"neuromodulatory":[282],"spanningdopaminergic,":[284],"noradrenergic,":[285],"cholinergic":[287],"systems,":[288],"derive":[290],"empirical":[291],"thatcan":[293],"test":[294],"proposed":[296],"framework.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}