{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225139508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","title":"Effect of Agricultural Insurance Adoption on the Productivity of Smallholder Rice Farmers in North Central Nigeria","display_name":"Effect of Agricultural Insurance Adoption on the Productivity of Smallholder Rice Farmers in North Central Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225139508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281523","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","issn_l":"2489-0081","issn":["2489-0081","2695-1894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160480121","display_name":"E.I. Bai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44738892","display_name":"Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgtp764","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E.I. Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agribusiness, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agribusiness, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160480121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88715206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.03799999877810478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-rice-farmers","display_name":"smallholder rice farmers","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-characteristics","display_name":"socioeconomic characteristics","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-awareness","display_name":"insurance awareness","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-central-nigeria","display_name":"North Central Nigeria","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7143999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6622999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777262119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932143","display_name":"Microinsurance","level":3,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777802595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863133","display_name":"Crop insurance","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991963186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090","display_name":"Rice farming","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153279","display_name":"Early adopter","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139134214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3652044","display_name":"Multistage sampling","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v10.no1.2024.pg13.23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281523","display_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","issn_l":"2489-0081","issn":["2489-0081","2695-1894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160278172","https://openalex.org/W7171678191","https://openalex.org/W4401069586","https://openalex.org/W4285479140","https://openalex.org/W6939585623","https://openalex.org/W4232683585","https://openalex.org/W2112824620","https://openalex.org/W4403734669","https://openalex.org/W7214914372","https://openalex.org/W3124937746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74,89,115,143,164,185],"actual":[1],"impact":[2],"of":[3,10,23,30,50,56,63,96,98,110,130,134,161,174,193,237],"agricultural":[4,24,57,99,135,151,169,194,221],"insurance":[5,25,58,100,136,152,170,195,222],"adoption":[6,26,171],"on":[7,27,190],"the":[8,21,28,40,93,102,111,127,200,234,238],"productivity":[9,29,95,173,229],"smallholder":[11,31,46,175,217],"rice":[12,32,47,147,157,176],"farmers":[13,33,48,148,158,177,218,239],"remains":[14],"inadequately":[15],"understood.":[16],"Thus,":[17],"this":[18],"study":[19,41,103,186],"investigated":[20],"effect":[22],"in":[34,66,101,126,159,240],"North":[35,67],"Central":[36,68],"Nigeria.":[37],"Data":[38],"for":[39],"were":[42,77,153,178],"collected":[43,75],"from":[44,60],"400":[45],"consisting":[49],"200":[51,54],"adopters":[52,97,131],"and":[53,83,132,172,202,208,211,243],"non-adopters":[55,112,133],"selected":[59],"20":[61],"communities":[62],"four":[64],"States":[65],"Nigeria":[69],"using":[70,79],"multistage":[71],"sampling":[72],"technique.":[73],"data":[76],"analysed":[78],"independent":[80],"sample":[81],"t-test":[82,116],"endogenous":[84],"switching":[85],"regression":[86],"model":[87],"(ESRM).":[88],"findings":[90],"showed":[91,145],"that":[92,109,119,146,168,188,209],"mean":[94],"area":[104],"was":[105,113,121],"approximately":[106],"20bags/ha":[107],"while":[108],"18bags/ha.":[114],"result":[117],"shows":[118],"there":[120],"significant":[122],"difference":[123],"at":[124,214],"1%":[125],"farm":[128,162],"output":[129],"(t":[137],"=":[138],"2.713,":[139],"p":[140],"<":[141],"0.01).":[142],"ESRM":[144,165],"who":[149],"adopted":[150],"better":[154],"than":[155],"random":[156],"terms":[160],"productivity.":[163],"also":[166],"revealed":[167],"significantly":[179],"influenced":[180],"by":[181,199],"their":[182,228,241],"socio-economic":[183],"characteristics.":[184],"recommended":[187],"campaigns":[189],"farmers\u2019":[191],"awareness":[192],"should":[196,230],"be":[197],"intensified":[198],"government":[201],"other":[203],"stakeholders":[204],"to":[205,220,226],"encourage":[206],"patronage;":[207],"policies":[210],"programmes":[212],"targeted":[213],"making":[215],"more":[216],"subscribe":[219],"as":[223,225],"well":[224],"increase":[227],"take":[231],"into":[232],"consideration":[233],"socioeconomic":[235],"characteristics":[236],"design":[242],"implementation.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-04T00:00:00"}