{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225129762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","title":"Agricultural Subsidy Policies and Sustainable Development in China: The Effect of Agricultural Subsidies on Farmers' Chemical Fertilizer Application","display_name":"Agricultural Subsidy Policies and Sustainable Development in China: The Effect of Agricultural Subsidies on Farmers' Chemical Fertilizer Application","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225129762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/agr.70172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/agr.70172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180723199","display_name":"Agribusiness","issn_l":"0742-4477","issn":["0742-4477","1520-6297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agribusiness","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/agr.70172","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039592341","display_name":"Xue Ping","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-2024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-2024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Center for Agricultural Policy Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-2024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Center for Agricultural Policy Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081296078","display_name":"Wei Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-8038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-8038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104598","display_name":"Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/00xz0ff56","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104598","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104598","https://openalex.org/I4210138501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008769575","display_name":"J. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-2230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-2230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137867983","display_name":"Central University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/008e3hf02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-2230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008769575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137867983"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90123278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12033","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Policy","score":0.7807999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.12460000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-subsidies","display_name":"agricultural subsidies","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-fertilizer-use","display_name":"chemical fertilizer use","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidy-reform","display_name":"subsidy reform","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-farmers","display_name":"large-scale farmers","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-fertilizer-substitution","display_name":"organic fertilizer substitution","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-machinery","display_name":"agricultural machinery","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-manufacturing","display_name":"green manufacturing","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-farmers","display_name":"elderly farmers","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.9312000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775898560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220687","display_name":"Common Agricultural Policy","level":3,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778852317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396198","display_name":"Agricultural policy","level":3,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994087729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649686","display_name":"Sustainable production","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988676352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773637","display_name":"Rural development","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992730755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55603353","display_name":"Agricultural development","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/agr.70172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/agr.70172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180723199","display_name":"Agribusiness","issn_l":"0742-4477","issn":["0742-4477","1520-6297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agribusiness","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/agr.70172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70172","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/agr.70172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180723199","display_name":"Agribusiness","issn_l":"0742-4477","issn":["0742-4477","1520-6297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agribusiness","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7680302201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10-IAED-04-2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335848","funder_display_name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335848","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225129762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225129762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997032209","https://openalex.org/W2040208898","https://openalex.org/W2145363336","https://openalex.org/W2149498597","https://openalex.org/W2166670725","https://openalex.org/W2197029921","https://openalex.org/W2337657607","https://openalex.org/W2508374784","https://openalex.org/W2553263735","https://openalex.org/W2601033660","https://openalex.org/W2607131306","https://openalex.org/W2762270828","https://openalex.org/W2808245019","https://openalex.org/W2890598535","https://openalex.org/W2900977865","https://openalex.org/W2927940166","https://openalex.org/W2979586175","https://openalex.org/W2995485982","https://openalex.org/W3038116971","https://openalex.org/W3112066496","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3123703439","https://openalex.org/W3169611628","https://openalex.org/W3196291173","https://openalex.org/W4200074703","https://openalex.org/W4200107506","https://openalex.org/W4286751561","https://openalex.org/W4296905573","https://openalex.org/W4313201381","https://openalex.org/W4381929643","https://openalex.org/W4393349349","https://openalex.org/W7093083167","https://openalex.org/W7127908438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381929643","https://openalex.org/W6963829271","https://openalex.org/W4390745108","https://openalex.org/W4307280931","https://openalex.org/W3196291173","https://openalex.org/W7212114254","https://openalex.org/W4415933767","https://openalex.org/W2967215073","https://openalex.org/W7153082842","https://openalex.org/W3134595479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Using":[1],"2013\u20132020":[2],"China":[3],"Rural":[4],"Microeconomic":[5],"Data,":[6],"we":[7],"employ":[8],"the":[9,15,31,74,84,93],"staggered":[10],"difference\u2010in\u2010differences":[11],"method":[12],"to":[13,80,122],"examine":[14],"effects":[16],"of":[17,76,86,95],"agricultural":[18,89,105],"subsidy":[19,78,106],"reform":[20,32],"on":[21],"farmers'":[22],"chemical":[23],"fertilizer":[24,97],"(CF)":[25],"application":[26,36],"intensity.":[27],"We":[28],"find":[29],"that":[30,108],"significantly":[33],"reduces":[34],"CF":[35,45,87],"intensity:":[37],"farmers":[38,111],"in":[39,48],"reformed":[40],"provinces":[41],"apply":[42],"14.2%":[43],"less":[44],"than":[46],"those":[47],"non\u2010reformed":[49],"provinces.":[50],"The":[51],"effect":[52],"is":[53],"more":[54],"pronounced":[55],"among":[56],"elderly":[57],"farmers,":[58],"low":[59],"education":[60],"groups,":[61,63],"high\u2010income":[62],"and":[64,91,112],"agriculture\u2010dependent":[65],"households.":[66],"Three":[67],"main":[68],"channels":[69],"underlie":[70],"these":[71],"effects:":[72],"first,":[73],"provision":[75],"greater":[77],"incentives":[79],"large\u2010scale":[81,110],"farmers;":[82],"second,":[83],"substitution":[85],"with":[88,126],"machinery;":[90],"third,":[92],"promotion":[94],"organic":[96],"as":[98],"a":[99],"substitute":[100],"for":[101],"CF.":[102],"Therefore,":[103],"designing":[104],"policies":[107],"target":[109],"incentivize":[113],"green":[114],"production":[115,125],"practices":[116],"may":[117],"be":[118],"an":[119],"effective":[120],"way":[121],"balance":[123],"grain":[124],"environmental":[127],"protection.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
