{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225129240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.40992","title":"Can Personal Requirements Become Supervision for Planning?","display_name":"Can Personal Requirements Become Supervision for Planning?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225129240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.40992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.40992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.40992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.40992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160339599","display_name":"Junwei Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Junwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078669479","display_name":"Runze Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-4567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-4567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan, Runze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160338984","display_name":"Yuzhang Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Yuzhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160330559","display_name":"Hanqi Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Hanqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160338174","display_name":"Ziwei Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Ziwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft San Francisco , California , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft San Francisco , California , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160337372","display_name":"Jiaying Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Jiaying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160368140","display_name":"Xiao Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160349031","display_name":"Carl Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Carl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Atlanta , Georgia , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8252000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.8252000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13243","display_name":"Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-based-planning","display_name":"LLM-based planning","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-training","display_name":"self-training","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet-optimization","display_name":"diet optimization","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-habits","display_name":"dietary habits","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-fine-tuning","display_name":"supervised fine-tuning","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diet-quality","display_name":"diet quality","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7914999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.7192999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.616100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.40992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.40992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.40992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.40992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.40992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.40992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.40992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225129240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225129240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970270355","https://openalex.org/W2085399342","https://openalex.org/W2123931921","https://openalex.org/W2167851640","https://openalex.org/W2920410992","https://openalex.org/W2928467655","https://openalex.org/W2970482702","https://openalex.org/W2992977009","https://openalex.org/W3083410900","https://openalex.org/W3162922479","https://openalex.org/W4210940299","https://openalex.org/W4211140718","https://openalex.org/W4220946720","https://openalex.org/W4366999541","https://openalex.org/W4385501832","https://openalex.org/W4388718089","https://openalex.org/W4389649385","https://openalex.org/W4391631327","https://openalex.org/W4392777592","https://openalex.org/W4396743631","https://openalex.org/W4402671878","https://openalex.org/W4409561416","https://openalex.org/W4410028173","https://openalex.org/W4411119300","https://openalex.org/W4411119964","https://openalex.org/W4411119992","https://openalex.org/W4412888062","https://openalex.org/W4413139365","https://openalex.org/W4415797990","https://openalex.org/W4417121399","https://openalex.org/W4417300000","https://openalex.org/W7131294212","https://openalex.org/W7133208539","https://openalex.org/W7134062826","https://openalex.org/W7160293740","https://openalex.org/W7160999896","https://openalex.org/W7165006462","https://openalex.org/W7196973814","https://openalex.org/W7212129377","https://openalex.org/W7213330729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220894824","https://openalex.org/W7164504266","https://openalex.org/W4416960892","https://openalex.org/W7167619619","https://openalex.org/W193130528","https://openalex.org/W7212770115","https://openalex.org/W7202198181","https://openalex.org/W7203757826","https://openalex.org/W7222328739","https://openalex.org/W4388598859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Managing":[0],"multiple":[1],"chronic":[2],"conditions":[3],"through":[4,73],"diet":[5],"requires":[6],"satisfying":[7],"disease-":[8],"and":[9,15,29,108,111,127,153,179,212,249],"medication-specific":[10],"requirements":[11,23],"jointly":[12],"across":[13],"meals":[14],"days":[16],"while":[17],"preserving":[18],"established":[19],"eating":[20],"habits.":[21],"These":[22],"are":[24],"public":[25,105],"in":[26],"clinical":[27,106],"guidelines":[28],"drug":[30],"labels,":[31],"yet":[32],"turning":[33],"them":[34],"into":[35,157],"a":[36,135,139,260],"feasible":[37],"plan":[38,140],"for":[39,44,159,181],"one":[40],"person":[41],"remains":[42],"difficult":[43],"language-model":[45],"agents.":[46],"In":[47],"our":[48],"dietitian-approved":[49],"weekly":[50],"planning":[51,98],"evaluation":[52],"built":[53],"from":[54,58,104,147,165,193],"NHANES,":[55],"thirteen":[56],"models,":[57,161],"medically":[59],"fine-tuned":[60],"8B":[61],"models":[62],"to":[63,145,195],"GPT-6.1":[64,85],"Sol,":[65],"pass":[66,191],"fewer":[67,222],"than":[68,90,225],"3%":[69],"of":[70],"complete":[71,124,170],"plans":[72,152],"direct":[74],"generation.":[75],"Explicit":[76],"rules,":[77],"higher":[78],"reasoning":[79],"effort,":[80],"or":[81],"model-directed":[82],"tools":[83],"leave":[84],"Sol":[86],"at":[87],"no":[88,208],"more":[89],"8%.":[91],"We":[92],"present":[93],"Noura,":[94],"which":[95],"pairs":[96],"LLM":[97],"with":[99,207],"executable":[100],"personal":[101],"specifications":[102],"instantiated":[103],"guidance":[107],"individual":[109],"health":[110],"dietary":[112,214],"profiles.":[113],"During":[114],"planning,":[115],"the":[116,123,198],"specification":[117,136,174],"grounds":[118],"foods,":[119],"optimizes":[120],"portions,":[121],"checks":[122],"multi-day":[125],"plan,":[126],"guides":[128],"revision.":[129],"Our":[130],"key":[131],"insight":[132],"is":[133],"that":[134,137,167,234],"rejects":[138],"can":[141],"also":[142],"determine":[143],"what":[144],"learn":[146],"it.":[148],"Noura":[149],"turns":[150],"executed":[151,235],"contextually":[154],"credited":[155],"revisions":[156],"supervision":[158],"compact":[160],"recovering":[162],"targets":[163,236],"even":[164],"trajectories":[166],"never":[168],"achieve":[169],"success.":[171],"The":[172,216],"same":[173,199],"supplies":[175],"supervised":[176],"targets,":[177],"preferences,":[178],"rewards":[180],"post-training.":[182],"On":[183],"4,993":[184],"held-out":[185],"participants,":[186],"Noura-SFT":[187],"raises":[188],"Qwen3-14B's":[189],"complete-plan":[190],"rate":[192],"24.0%":[194],"72.5%":[196],"within":[197],"execution":[200],"loop,":[201],"cuts":[202],"rule":[203,223,238,255],"violations":[204,224,239,256],"by":[205,240,257],"97.5%":[206],"observed":[209],"critical":[210],"failures,":[211],"improves":[213],"quality.":[215],"locally":[217],"hosted":[218],"14B":[219],"planner":[220],"incurs":[221],"its":[226],"GPT-6":[227],"Luna":[228],"teacher.":[229],"A":[230],"matched":[231],"comparison":[232],"shows":[233],"reduce":[237],"41%":[241],"over":[242],"model-written":[243],"proposals.":[244],"Across":[245],"four":[246],"Qwen,":[247],"Phi,":[248],"Llama":[250],"backbones,":[251],"self-training":[252],"alone":[253],"reduces":[254],"41-61%":[258],"on":[259],"1,249-person":[261],"population":[262],"subset.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
