{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225128121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","title":"Prediction of Intrinsic Disorder in Protein Sequences Using the Fast and Accurate flDPnn2 Method","display_name":"Prediction of Intrinsic Disorder in Protein Sequences Using the Fast and Accurate flDPnn2 Method","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225128121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42968708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpz1.70512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206398","display_name":"Current Protocols","issn_l":"2691-1299","issn":["2691-1299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160384019","display_name":"Kui Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NITFID, School of Statistics and Data Science, AAIS, LPMC, and KLMDASR Nankai University  Tianjin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NITFID, School of Statistics and Data Science, AAIS, LPMC, and KLMDASR Nankai University  Tianjin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160340313","display_name":"Gang Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NITFID, School of Statistics and Data Science, AAIS, LPMC, and KLMDASR Nankai University  Tianjin China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NITFID, School of Statistics and Data Science, AAIS, LPMC, and KLMDASR Nankai University  Tianjin China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088423732","display_name":"Lukasz Kurgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-0314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-0314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Kurgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088423732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75447751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsically-disordered-regions","display_name":"intrinsically disordered regions","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"web server","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-sequence-analysis","display_name":"protein sequence analysis","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-prediction-methods","display_name":"computational prediction methods","score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eukaryotic-proteins","display_name":"eukaryotic proteins","score":0.7820000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.6883000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111364199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915896","display_name":"Protein methods","level":4,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778815515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3408242","display_name":"Intrinsically disordered proteins","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11804247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896177","display_name":"Protein\u2013protein interaction","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47701112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188","display_name":"Protein structure","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098437","descriptor_name":"Prediction Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020539","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064267","descriptor_name":"Intrinsically Disordered Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpz1.70512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206398","display_name":"Current Protocols","issn_l":"2691-1299","issn":["2691-1299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42968708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42968708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current protocols","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83148332","https://openalex.org/W1554017431","https://openalex.org/W1772256520","https://openalex.org/W1834070694","https://openalex.org/W1901968134","https://openalex.org/W1964555160","https://openalex.org/W1989511016","https://openalex.org/W1991017805","https://openalex.org/W1994584547","https://openalex.org/W2008332643","https://openalex.org/W2030776726","https://openalex.org/W2046739185","https://openalex.org/W2050910299","https://openalex.org/W2051181798","https://openalex.org/W2052962917","https://openalex.org/W2060592742","https://openalex.org/W2065692451","https://openalex.org/W2067680762","https://openalex.org/W2070496155","https://openalex.org/W2083498261","https://openalex.org/W2102224100","https://openalex.org/W2102267487","https://openalex.org/W2120167569","https://openalex.org/W2126303237","https://openalex.org/W2158714788","https://openalex.org/W2167061681","https://openalex.org/W2178290447","https://openalex.org/W2218000956","https://openalex.org/W2420922808","https://openalex.org/W2466723095","https://openalex.org/W2535071049","https://openalex.org/W2545255051","https://openalex.org/W2558841060","https://openalex.org/W2562860543","https://openalex.org/W2762448613","https://openalex.org/W2766423371","https://openalex.org/W2806384485","https://openalex.org/W2806884808","https://openalex.org/W2891149546","https://openalex.org/W2923284745","https://openalex.org/W2941112903","https://openalex.org/W2969180072","https://openalex.org/W2972974767","https://openalex.org/W2980746976","https://openalex.org/W2982547327","https://openalex.org/W3128253898","https://openalex.org/W3129887667","https://openalex.org/W3134093550","https://openalex.org/W3150581979","https://openalex.org/W3156051371","https://openalex.org/W3184265853","https://openalex.org/W4200194471","https://openalex.org/W4210968583","https://openalex.org/W4220898475","https://openalex.org/W4282937373","https://openalex.org/W4283463448","https://openalex.org/W4310598018","https://openalex.org/W4311575662","https://openalex.org/W4319871149","https://openalex.org/W4368357625","https://openalex.org/W4382981619","https://openalex.org/W4386152095","https://openalex.org/W4386979884","https://openalex.org/W4388905537","https://openalex.org/W4390242370","https://openalex.org/W4390510841","https://openalex.org/W4392233889","https://openalex.org/W4392263424","https://openalex.org/W4395689708","https://openalex.org/W4396725108","https://openalex.org/W4399807826","https://openalex.org/W4403596305","https://openalex.org/W4404225843","https://openalex.org/W4404251822","https://openalex.org/W4404555878","https://openalex.org/W4405484622","https://openalex.org/W4405650990","https://openalex.org/W4406731098","https://openalex.org/W4410084059","https://openalex.org/W4410851721","https://openalex.org/W4413735902","https://openalex.org/W4416300358","https://openalex.org/W7118471682","https://openalex.org/W7128911768","https://openalex.org/W7158633404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404612190","https://openalex.org/W7118471682","https://openalex.org/W4396725108","https://openalex.org/W3184265853","https://openalex.org/W4386979884","https://openalex.org/W4404506916","https://openalex.org/W4319937614","https://openalex.org/W6920893836","https://openalex.org/W4368357625","https://openalex.org/W4408212215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"proteins,":[1],"particularly":[2],"in":[3,10,168],"eukaryotes,":[4],"contain":[5],"intrinsically":[6],"disordered":[7],"regions":[8],"(IDRs)":[9],"their":[11],"sequences.":[12],"IDRs":[13],"lack":[14],"a":[15,27,91,113,140,145],"stable":[16],"tertiary":[17],"structure":[18],"under":[19],"physiological":[20],"conditions,":[21],"yet":[22],"they":[23],"are":[24],"essential":[25],"for":[26,116,148],"broad":[28],"range":[29],"of":[30,52,64,158],"cellular":[31],"functions.":[32],"They":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"efficiently":[36],"and":[37,80,123,165,174],"accurately":[38],"identified":[39],"with":[40,83],"computational":[41],"methods.":[42],"We":[43,111,137],"focus":[44],"on":[45,96],"flDPnn2,":[46],"which":[47],"is":[48,102],"an":[49],"improved":[50],"version":[51],"its":[53,130],"predecessor,":[54],"flDPnn.":[55],"Results":[56],"from":[57],"the":[58,103,106,185],"recently":[59],"completed":[60],"third":[61],"Critical":[62],"Assessment":[63],"Protein":[65],"Intrinsic":[66],"Disorder":[67],"Prediction":[68],"(CAID3)":[69],"show":[70],"that":[71,100,143],"these":[72,149],"improvements":[73],"led":[74],"to":[75,89,121,160,189],"relatively":[76],"high":[77],"prediction":[78],"accuracy":[79],"low":[81],"runtime,":[82],"flDPnn2":[84,101,117,128,152,186],"taking":[85],"only":[86],"15":[87],"s":[88],"predict":[90,190],"1,000-residue-long":[92],"sequence.":[93],"Comparative":[94],"evaluation":[95],"CAID3":[97],"also":[98,138],"revealed":[99],"fastest":[104],"among":[105],"most":[107],"accurate":[108],"disorder":[109],"predictors.":[110],"provide":[112],"practical":[114],"guide":[115],"users,":[118],"explaining":[119],"how":[120],"collect":[122],"interpret":[124],"results":[125,167],"produced":[126],"by":[127],"via":[129],"freely":[131],"available":[132],"web":[133,153,187],"server":[134,154,188],"at":[135],"https://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/flDPnn2/.":[136],"include":[139],"case":[141],"study":[142],"provides":[144,166],"helpful":[146],"illustration":[147],"explanations.":[150],"The":[151],"supports":[155],"batch":[156],"submission":[157],"up":[159],"50":[161],"FASTA-formatted":[162],"protein":[163,191],"sequences":[164],"multiple":[169],"formats,":[170],"facilitating":[171],"convenient":[172],"analysis":[173],"interpretation.":[175],"\u00a9":[176],"2026":[177],"Wiley":[178],"Periodicals":[179],"LLC.":[180],"Basic":[181],"Protocol":[182],"1:":[183],"Using":[184],"intrinsic":[192],"disorder.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
