{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225125639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","title":"Senescent cells in cancer immunity: mechanisms of immune remodeling and opportunities for traditional Chinese medicine-derived senotherapeutics","display_name":"Senescent cells in cancer immunity: mechanisms of immune remodeling and opportunities for traditional Chinese medicine-derived senotherapeutics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225125639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128367177","display_name":"Qiuhua Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122048709","display_name":"Huimin Jin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003911652","display_name":"Lingyong Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingyong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113324938","display_name":"Fangfang Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-2701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-2701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114539943","display_name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04epb4p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fangfang Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China Collaborative Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China Collaborative Graduate School of Traditional Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003911652","https://openalex.org/A5113324938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114539943"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84945844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10937","display_name":"Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10937","display_name":"Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-senescence","display_name":"cellular senescence","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype","display_name":"senescence-associated secretory phenotype","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senolytics","display_name":"senolytics","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senotherapeutics","display_name":"senotherapeutics","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosenescence","display_name":"immunosenescence","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senescent-cell-clearance","display_name":"senescent cell clearance","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-evasion","display_name":"immune evasion","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppressive-myeloid-cells","display_name":"immunosuppressive myeloid cells","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antitumor-immunity","display_name":"antitumor immunity","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070979","display_name":"Senescence","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5526000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660191","display_name":"Immunosenescence","level":3,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7876069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14873666","display_name":"Paracrine signalling","level":3,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779282312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956561","display_name":"Myeloid","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778015335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17051163","display_name":"Mass cytometry","level":4,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777702733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356761","display_name":"Immune tolerance","level":3,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168261976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347407","display_name":"Efferocytosis","level":4,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49039625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84230","display_name":"Secretion","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16909647","display_name":"Tumor progression","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189014844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118","display_name":"Cell type","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780237676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18052115","display_name":"BTLA","level":4,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203522944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322","display_name":"Autophagy","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:81daf3fc79964911b7e6a8e35d244fba","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/81daf3fc79964911b7e6a8e35d244fba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977552/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8294747508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82474460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323485","display_name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/042pgcv68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225125639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225125639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537039543","https://openalex.org/W1910012553","https://openalex.org/W1976787360","https://openalex.org/W2020181553","https://openalex.org/W2038333062","https://openalex.org/W2086583272","https://openalex.org/W2102489276","https://openalex.org/W2115852450","https://openalex.org/W2128807350","https://openalex.org/W2161658362","https://openalex.org/W2337235966","https://openalex.org/W2518194013","https://openalex.org/W2561396377","https://openalex.org/W2588082404","https://openalex.org/W2604407819","https://openalex.org/W2610665873","https://openalex.org/W2620249134","https://openalex.org/W2748810297","https://openalex.org/W2753524716","https://openalex.org/W2903003302","https://openalex.org/W2921478729","https://openalex.org/W2947963792","https://openalex.org/W2948309692","https://openalex.org/W2952749575","https://openalex.org/W2988310131","https://openalex.org/W3009021178","https://openalex.org/W3040810843","https://openalex.org/W3042236956","https://openalex.org/W3094446310","https://openalex.org/W3119932949","https://openalex.org/W3126627747","https://openalex.org/W3138444226","https://openalex.org/W3145334405","https://openalex.org/W4210317772","https://openalex.org/W4213037259","https://openalex.org/W4214910006","https://openalex.org/W4229453893","https://openalex.org/W4283066332","https://openalex.org/W4285793418","https://openalex.org/W4289521672","https://openalex.org/W4307931717","https://openalex.org/W4322767235","https://openalex.org/W4324046169","https://openalex.org/W4328089007","https://openalex.org/W4362505682","https://openalex.org/W4365445798","https://openalex.org/W4378980781","https://openalex.org/W4383302326","https://openalex.org/W4384925682","https://openalex.org/W4386467207","https://openalex.org/W4388336528","https://openalex.org/W4391099172","https://openalex.org/W4391175022","https://openalex.org/W4392164189","https://openalex.org/W4392342640","https://openalex.org/W4392363027","https://openalex.org/W4393378977","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4393950346","https://openalex.org/W4395960602","https://openalex.org/W4396216391","https://openalex.org/W4396589278","https://openalex.org/W4396615840","https://openalex.org/W4399588500","https://openalex.org/W4399883944","https://openalex.org/W4400259565","https://openalex.org/W4400610692","https://openalex.org/W4402383830","https://openalex.org/W4402966142","https://openalex.org/W4402970379","https://openalex.org/W4403005811","https://openalex.org/W4403069817","https://openalex.org/W4403588898","https://openalex.org/W4404613248","https://openalex.org/W4405041072","https://openalex.org/W4405900130","https://openalex.org/W4406360112","https://openalex.org/W4406758910","https://openalex.org/W4406813722","https://openalex.org/W4407269701","https://openalex.org/W4407986315","https://openalex.org/W4408960660","https://openalex.org/W4409119303","https://openalex.org/W4409388969","https://openalex.org/W4409430082","https://openalex.org/W4409653430","https://openalex.org/W4410183934","https://openalex.org/W4410337680","https://openalex.org/W4410395856","https://openalex.org/W4410432009","https://openalex.org/W4410604227","https://openalex.org/W4411687766","https://openalex.org/W4411901440","https://openalex.org/W4412479418","https://openalex.org/W4412727320","https://openalex.org/W4412822559","https://openalex.org/W4413027852","https://openalex.org/W4413054630","https://openalex.org/W4413428153","https://openalex.org/W4413471700","https://openalex.org/W4413489739","https://openalex.org/W4413583276","https://openalex.org/W4413757859","https://openalex.org/W4413914021","https://openalex.org/W4414083269","https://openalex.org/W4414110393","https://openalex.org/W4414160625","https://openalex.org/W4414353997","https://openalex.org/W4414397777","https://openalex.org/W4414646136","https://openalex.org/W4414889715","https://openalex.org/W4415192920","https://openalex.org/W4415869549","https://openalex.org/W4415939229","https://openalex.org/W4415994767","https://openalex.org/W4417098328","https://openalex.org/W7116884593","https://openalex.org/W7117647192","https://openalex.org/W7117962662","https://openalex.org/W7122530924","https://openalex.org/W7124133427","https://openalex.org/W7125130324","https://openalex.org/W7125474725","https://openalex.org/W7126200729","https://openalex.org/W7126430659","https://openalex.org/W7128641053","https://openalex.org/W7147152282","https://openalex.org/W7147463754","https://openalex.org/W7154624017","https://openalex.org/W7163152460","https://openalex.org/W7163660435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083292212","https://openalex.org/W7147463754","https://openalex.org/W4406360112","https://openalex.org/W7223563050","https://openalex.org/W4412943445","https://openalex.org/W7136036959","https://openalex.org/W4381193650","https://openalex.org/W7161947396","https://openalex.org/W7134057863","https://openalex.org/W4399041334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cellular":[0],"senescence":[1,9,231],"has":[2,47,174],"context-dependent":[3],"effects":[4,114],"in":[5,17,65,145,178],"cancer.":[6],"Although":[7],"transient":[8],"can":[10,44],"suppress":[11],"malignant":[12],"proliferation,":[13],"persistent":[14],"senescent":[15,63,117,128,142,186,207,259,281],"cells":[16,33,64,208],"the":[18,58,66,137,153],"tumor":[19,24,150],"microenvironment":[20],"(TME)":[21],"may":[22],"promote":[23],"progression,":[25],"immune":[26,73,167,210,218,253],"escape":[27],"and":[28,37,79,88,93,96,108,130,139,148,160,194,203,216,255,284],"treatment":[29],"resistance.":[30],"How":[31],"these":[32,183],"reshape":[34],"antitumor":[35,285],"immunity,":[36],"whether":[38],"traditional":[39],"Chinese":[40],"medicine":[41],"(TCM)-derived":[42],"interventions":[43],"target":[45],"them,":[46],"not":[48],"been":[49,175],"integrated":[50],"within":[51],"a":[52,234,245],"translational":[53],"framework.":[54],"This":[55,269],"Review":[56],"synthesizes":[57],"immune-regulatory":[59],"activities":[60],"of":[61,90,99,121,127,141,197,230,247,251,257,278],"pre-existing":[62,258],"TME":[67],"through":[68,212],"three":[69],"interconnected":[70],"mechanisms:":[71],"cell-autonomous":[72],"evasion":[74],"caused":[75],"by":[76],"altered":[77,213],"activating":[78],"inhibitory":[80],"surface":[81,214],"signals;":[82],"senescence-associated":[83],"secretory":[84],"phenotype":[85],"(SASP)-driven":[86],"recruitment":[87],"reprogramming":[89],"immunosuppressive":[91],"myeloid":[92],"lymphoid":[94],"populations;":[95],"immunosenescence-associated":[97],"failure":[98],"senescent-cell":[100],"surveillance.":[101,225],"We":[102],"then":[103],"evaluate":[104],"TCM-derived":[105,241],"natural":[106,242],"products":[107,243],"formulas":[109,199],"according":[110],"to":[111,135,166],"their":[112],"predominant":[113],"on":[115],"established":[116],"cells:":[118],"senomorphic":[119,265],"suppression":[120],"harmful":[122],"SASP":[123],"programs,":[124],"senolytic":[125,267],"elimination":[126],"cells,":[129,260],"emerging":[131],"immune-oriented":[132,270],"strategies":[133],"designed":[134],"restore":[136],"recognition":[138,215,254],"clearance":[140,173,211,256,283],"cells.":[143],"Reductions":[144],"SASP-associated":[146],"inflammation":[147],"paracrine":[149],"support":[151],"are":[152],"most":[154],"consistently":[155],"supported":[156],"endpoints":[157,193],"across":[158],"compounds":[159],"experimental":[161],"models.":[162],"Evidence":[163],"linking":[164],"senolysis":[165],"remodeling":[168],"remains":[169],"limited,":[170],"whereas":[171],"immune-mediated":[172],"explored":[176],"only":[177],"preliminary":[179],"preclinical":[180],"studies.":[181],"Across":[182],"categories,":[184],"heterogeneous":[185],"cell":[187,282],"states,":[188],"inconsistent":[189],"biomarkers,":[190],"limited":[191],"immune-functional":[192],"insufficient":[195],"standardization":[196],"complex":[198],"constrain":[200],"mechanistic":[201],"interpretation":[202],"clinical":[204],"translation.":[205],"Persistent":[206],"evade":[209],"SASP-mediated":[217],"remodeling,":[219],"while":[220],"immunosenescence":[221],"further":[222],"weakens":[223],"host":[224],"These":[226],"mechanisms":[227],"identify":[228],"restoration":[229],"surveillance":[232],"as":[233,244],"therapeutic":[235],"opportunity.":[236],"Future":[237],"studies":[238],"should":[239,272],"investigate":[240],"source":[246],"novel":[248],"senotherapeutics":[249],"capable":[250],"restoring":[252],"either":[261],"alone":[262],"or":[263,266],"alongside":[264],"activity.":[268],"strategy":[271],"be":[273],"validated":[274],"using":[275],"direct":[276],"measures":[277],"immune-cell":[279],"engagement,":[280],"efficacy.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}