{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225119396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","title":"Medication profile and treatment response in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective longitudinal observational study in a tertiary care hospital","display_name":"Medication profile and treatment response in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective longitudinal observational study in a tertiary care hospital","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225119396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42969992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112348374","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0253-7613","issn":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135787395","display_name":"Rohan Chatterjee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100047","display_name":"Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysvbp68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106921294","display_name":"Subhrangsu Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7521-4286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7521-4286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100047","display_name":"Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysvbp68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhrangsu Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109720205","display_name":"Somenath Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9132-9543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9132-9543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100047","display_name":"Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysvbp68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somenath Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061560811","display_name":"Suparna Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-5130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-5130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100047","display_name":"Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysvbp68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226431899","https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suparna Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86863569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"744","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-exacerbation-of-copd","display_name":"COPD exacerbations","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-profile","display_name":"drug profile","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response","display_name":"treatment response","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaler-technique","display_name":"inhaler technique","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-discharge-outcomes","display_name":"post-discharge outcomes","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-readmission","display_name":"hospital readmission","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-assessment-test","display_name":"COPD Assessment Test","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-acting-muscarinic-antagonist","display_name":"long-acting muscarinic antagonist","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-acting-beta-agonists","display_name":"long-acting beta2-agonists","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaled-corticosteroids","display_name":"inhaled corticosteroids","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parenteral-antibiotics","display_name":"parenteral antibiotics","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-corticosteroids","display_name":"systemic corticosteroids","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilatory-support","display_name":"ventilatory support","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaler-therapy","display_name":"inhaler therapy","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9598000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6687999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780261241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394363","display_name":"Inhaler","level":3,"score":0.6412000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677923","display_name":"Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","level":3,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781385661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677918","display_name":"Acute care","level":3,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777168814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246543","display_name":"BODE index","level":4,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165455791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002299","display_name":"Neurointensive care","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001993","descriptor_name":"Bronchodilator Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001993","descriptor_name":"Bronchodilator Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018727","descriptor_name":"Muscarinic Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018727","descriptor_name":"Muscarinic Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055118","descriptor_name":"Medication Adherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058666","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058666","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062606","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Care Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112348374","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0253-7613","issn":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42969992","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42969992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_233_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112348374","display_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","issn_l":"0253-7613","issn":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017342998","https://openalex.org/W2112433656","https://openalex.org/W2186758837","https://openalex.org/W2206268752","https://openalex.org/W2551994720","https://openalex.org/W2554632995","https://openalex.org/W2561643444","https://openalex.org/W2809818816","https://openalex.org/W3129397752","https://openalex.org/W3198329801","https://openalex.org/W3203655695","https://openalex.org/W3217621810","https://openalex.org/W4225260093","https://openalex.org/W4289529007","https://openalex.org/W4313397722","https://openalex.org/W4324355923","https://openalex.org/W4366991157","https://openalex.org/W4396667379","https://openalex.org/W4406016766","https://openalex.org/W4407034070","https://openalex.org/W4407561112","https://openalex.org/W4416637165","https://openalex.org/W4417188078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903854395","https://openalex.org/W4366991157","https://openalex.org/W7161582159","https://openalex.org/W7161589121","https://openalex.org/W7164892925","https://openalex.org/W2766428892","https://openalex.org/W4389683859","https://openalex.org/W1982749466","https://openalex.org/W3130105180","https://openalex.org/W4296125351"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,127,182,249,252,278],"medication":[4,82,242,284],"use":[5],"profile,":[6],"treatment":[7],"outcomes,":[8,64],"and":[9,12,53,62,81,146,158,181,220,240,272,286],"postdischarge":[10,63],"responsiveness":[11],"adherence":[13,83,243,285],"in":[14,45,156,221,283],"hospitalized":[15,37],"patients":[16],"with":[17,123,236,265],"acute":[18],"exacerbation":[19],"of":[20,75,160,195,255],"chronic":[21],"obstructive":[22],"pulmonary":[23],"disease":[24],"(AECOPD).":[25],"MATERIAL":[26],"AND":[27],"METHODS:":[28],"This":[29],"prospective":[30],"longitudinal":[31],"observational":[32],"study":[33],"enrolled":[34,101],"consenting":[35],"adults":[36],"for":[38,280],"AECOPD":[39,261],"at":[40],"a":[41,223,245],"tertiary":[42],"care":[43],"hospital":[44],"Kolkata.":[46],"Medication":[47],"details":[48],"(drug,":[49],"route,":[50],"dose,":[51],"frequency,":[52],"duration)":[54],"were":[55,88,91,100,154,166],"recorded":[56],"from":[57,248],"admission":[58],"to":[59,251],"discharge.":[60],"In-hospital":[61],"symptom":[65],"burden":[66],"(Chronic":[67],"Obstructive":[68],"Pulmonary":[69],"Disease":[70],"Assessment":[71],"Test":[72],"[CAT]),":[73],"quality":[74],"life":[76],"(St.":[77],"George's":[78],"Respiratory":[79],"Questionnaire),":[80],"(Medication":[84],"Adherence":[85],"Rating":[86],"Scale-10)":[87],"evaluated.":[89],"Data":[90],"analyzed":[92],"using":[93],"Jamovi":[94],"statistical":[95],"software.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"Fifty-one":[98],"participants":[99,229],"(mean":[102],"age:":[103],"62.9":[104],"years,":[105],"80.4%":[106],"males).":[107],"76.4%":[108],"had":[109],"severe":[110],"exacerbations":[111],"(Rome":[112],"criteria).":[113],"In-hospital,":[114],"98%":[115],"received":[116,134],"parenteral":[117],"antibiotics":[118],"(median":[119],"duration:":[120],"8":[121],"days),":[122],"dual":[124],"therapy":[125,173,211],"being":[126],"most":[128],"common":[129],"pattern.":[130],"In":[131],"addition,":[132],"88.2%":[133,159],"short-course":[135],"systemic":[136],"steroids.":[137],"Bronchodilators,":[138],"short-acting":[139,143],"beta-2":[140],"agonists":[141],"+":[142,150,216],"muscarinic":[144,170],"antagonists":[145,171],"long-acting":[147,169],"beta-agonists":[148],"(LABA)":[149],"inhaled":[151,210],"corticosteroids":[152],"(ICS)":[153],"initiated":[155],"92.2%":[157],"participants,":[161],"respectively.":[162],"Following":[163],"stabilization,":[164],"21.6%":[165],"started":[167],"on":[168,214],"(LAMA)":[172],"in-hospital.":[174],"Ventilatory":[175],"support":[176],"was":[177,186,191,212,226],"required":[178,230],"by":[179],"64.7%,":[180],"in-hospital":[183],"mortality":[184,196],"rate":[185],"23.5%.":[187],"Admission":[188],"CAT":[189],"score":[190],"an":[192],"independent":[193],"predictor":[194],"(adjusted":[197],"odds":[198],"ratios:":[199],"2.13,":[200],"95%":[201],"confidence":[202],"interval:":[203],"1.21-3.76,":[204],"P":[205],"=":[206],"0.009).":[207],"At":[208],"discharge,":[209],"centered":[213],"LABA":[215],"ICS":[217],"inhalers":[218],"(84.6%),":[219],"71.8%,":[222],"LAMA-based":[224],"inhaler":[225,238,275],"added.":[227],"43.5%":[228],"readmission":[231,270],"within":[232],"6":[233],"months.":[234],"Participants":[235],"correct":[237],"technique":[239,276],"good":[241],"showed":[244],"significant":[246],"increase":[247],"1st":[250],"6th":[253],"month":[254],"follow-up":[256],"(P":[257],"<":[258],"0.05).":[259],"CONCLUSIONS:":[260],"pharmacotherapy":[262],"largely":[263],"aligned":[264],"established":[266],"guidelines.":[267],"However,":[268],"high":[269],"rates":[271],"initial":[273],"poor":[274],"highlight":[277],"need":[279],"prioritized":[281],"strategies":[282],"device":[287],"training.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}