{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225119064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","title":"Hydrogen retrofitting for regional freight Decarbonization: vehicle-level feasibility and energy system implications","display_name":"Hydrogen retrofitting for regional freight Decarbonization: vehicle-level feasibility and energy system implications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225119064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882600737X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764877105","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","issn_l":"2213-1388","issn":["2213-1388","2213-1396"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882600737X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028033806","display_name":"Giuseppe Napoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-8641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-8641","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6422-4970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147709","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/052q58629","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147709","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Napoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy. Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies. Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-8641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy. Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies. Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147709","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090691000","display_name":"Salvatore Micari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-824X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-824X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-2928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147709","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/052q58629","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147709","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Micari","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy. Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies. Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-824X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy. Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies. Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147709","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028033806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147709","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":3610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3610},"apc_paid":{"value":3610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3610},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75665635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":null,"first_page":"105551","last_page":"105551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.12939999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.05820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-freight-transport","display_name":"regional freight transport","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decarbonization","display_name":"decarbonization","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-hybrid-vehicles","display_name":"fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-commercial-vehicles","display_name":"light commercial vehicles","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-storage","display_name":"hydrogen storage","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-demand","display_name":"hydrogen demand","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-infrastructure","display_name":"charging infrastructure","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rome-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Rome metropolitan area","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24662","display_name":"Retrofitting","level":2,"score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5907999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780847881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3177122","display_name":"Driving range","level":4,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19065316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551748","display_name":"Hydrogen vehicle","level":4,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076882","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","level":4,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118124095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6851593","display_name":"Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent","level":4,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302208","display_name":"Capital expenditure","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508647","display_name":"Market penetration","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532444271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2516403","display_name":"Traffic management","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779398823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622779","display_name":"Liquid hydrogen","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882600737X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764877105","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","issn_l":"2213-1388","issn":["2213-1388","2213-1396"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2026.105551","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313882600737X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764877105","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","issn_l":"2213-1388","issn":["2213-1388","2213-1396"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225119064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225119064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036950175","https://openalex.org/W2058180570","https://openalex.org/W2074422840","https://openalex.org/W2143636022","https://openalex.org/W2167885723","https://openalex.org/W2750911365","https://openalex.org/W2782213941","https://openalex.org/W2804850809","https://openalex.org/W2939877116","https://openalex.org/W3041667697","https://openalex.org/W3088371891","https://openalex.org/W3110464590","https://openalex.org/W4211166119","https://openalex.org/W4214927027","https://openalex.org/W4226314916","https://openalex.org/W4285277461","https://openalex.org/W4296518539","https://openalex.org/W4306773041","https://openalex.org/W4308174937","https://openalex.org/W4310243844","https://openalex.org/W4310294403","https://openalex.org/W4312041863","https://openalex.org/W4313898488","https://openalex.org/W4319878519","https://openalex.org/W4364359374","https://openalex.org/W4372218845","https://openalex.org/W4382193231","https://openalex.org/W4385318303","https://openalex.org/W4391160375","https://openalex.org/W4392045365","https://openalex.org/W4392113482","https://openalex.org/W4396533512","https://openalex.org/W4396895263","https://openalex.org/W4396896971","https://openalex.org/W4399697860","https://openalex.org/W4401455166","https://openalex.org/W4401756859","https://openalex.org/W4401914629","https://openalex.org/W4402823938","https://openalex.org/W4405528646","https://openalex.org/W4406735977","https://openalex.org/W4407878227","https://openalex.org/W4408559443","https://openalex.org/W4410429958","https://openalex.org/W4413148878","https://openalex.org/W4413326117","https://openalex.org/W4415029547","https://openalex.org/W7117254272","https://openalex.org/W7126270298","https://openalex.org/W7127175284","https://openalex.org/W7128690038","https://openalex.org/W7129434851","https://openalex.org/W7131136411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7170063253","https://openalex.org/W7128690038","https://openalex.org/W4312398761","https://openalex.org/W4409018262","https://openalex.org/W4411032777","https://openalex.org/W7151463772","https://openalex.org/W4412621618","https://openalex.org/W4403344556","https://openalex.org/W7128469966","https://openalex.org/W7161250735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Regional":[0],"freight":[1,56,139],"transport":[2,144],"remains":[3],"difficult":[4],"to":[5,8,39,75,125],"decarbonize":[6],"due":[7],"high":[9],"daily":[10],"mileage,":[11],"operational":[12,103],"variability,":[13],"and":[14,29,87,132,142],"limited":[15],"charging":[16],"flexibility,":[17],"which":[18],"constrain":[19],"the":[20,69],"suitability":[21],"of":[22,43],"battery":[23],"electric":[24,97],"vehicles":[25,48],"(BEVs)":[26],"for":[27,54,138],"medium-":[28],"long-distance":[30],"delivery":[31,66],"missions.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34,61],"proposes":[35],"a":[36,51],"multi-scale":[37],"framework":[38],"assess":[40],"hydrogen":[41,90,128],"retrofitting":[42],"existing":[44],"diesel":[45],"light":[46],"commercial":[47],"(LCVs)":[49],"as":[50],"decarbonization":[52],"strategy":[53],"regional":[55,143],"transport.":[57],"A":[58],"real-world":[59],"case":[60],"based":[62],"on":[63],"four":[64],"representative":[65],"routes":[67],"in":[68],"Rome":[70],"metropolitan":[71],"area":[72],"is":[73],"used":[74],"evaluate":[76],"retrofit":[77],"feasibility":[78],"using":[79],"commercially":[80],"available":[81],"fuel":[82,94],"cell":[83,95],"systems,":[84],"lithium-ion":[85],"batteries,":[86],"350":[88],"bar":[89],"storage.":[91],"The":[92],"proposed":[93],"hybrid":[96],"vehicle":[98],"(FCHEV)":[99],"achieves":[100],"an":[101],"estimated":[102],"range":[104],"exceeding":[105],"290":[106],"km":[107],"while":[108],"reducing":[109],"capital":[110],"expenditure":[111],"(CAPEX)":[112],"by":[113],"approximately":[114],"40\u201350%":[115],"compared":[116],"with":[117],"new":[118],"hydrogen-powered":[119],"LCVs.":[120],"Vehicle-level":[121],"results":[122],"are":[123],"extended":[124],"estimate":[126],"fleet-scale":[127],"demand,":[129],"electricity":[130],"requirements,":[131],"infrastructure":[133],"implications,":[134],"providing":[135],"decision":[136],"support":[137],"fleet":[140],"transition":[141],"decarbonization.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}