{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225117134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","title":"Case series of combined microabrasion, home bleaching and resin infiltration for moderate-to-severe dental fluorosis","display_name":"Case series of combined microabrasion, home bleaching and resin infiltration for moderate-to-severe dental fluorosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225117134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79100-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79100-1_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108058477","display_name":"Yue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-6095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-6095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337761","display_name":"Qing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-9581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-9581","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5684-880X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068504854","display_name":"Xiangfeng Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-7577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-7577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfeng Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014323068","display_name":"Yang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-614X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-614X","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9165-7297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160387935","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, No.30, Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160387935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88249567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-fluorosis","display_name":"dental fluorosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enamel-microabrasion","display_name":"enamel microabrasion","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/at-home-bleaching","display_name":"home bleaching","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resin-infiltration","display_name":"resin infiltration","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-bleaching","display_name":"tooth bleaching","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dentin-hypersensitivity","display_name":"dentin hypersensitivity","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetic-enhancement","display_name":"aesthetic improvement","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spot-lesions","display_name":"white spot lesions","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-stability","display_name":"treatment stability","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.890999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.7788000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777373274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427959","display_name":"Dental fluorosis","level":3,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909562476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948056","display_name":"Tooth Sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4936999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020336477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806585","display_name":"Treatment protocol","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54510867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508462","display_name":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143458","display_name":"Tooth whitening","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776594236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094885","display_name":"Permanent teeth","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910355441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143942","display_name":"Dental enamel","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79100-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79100-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79100-1_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225117134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225117134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415831170","https://openalex.org/W4413004440","https://openalex.org/W7167505403","https://openalex.org/W7130515130","https://openalex.org/W4404870345","https://openalex.org/W4368275245","https://openalex.org/W4415831057","https://openalex.org/W3167697758","https://openalex.org/W4401929109","https://openalex.org/W7217627798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluorosis":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,7,43,97,192,201,249],"common":[3],"dental":[4,62,257],"condition":[5],"with":[6],"high":[8,260],"prevalence":[9],"rate,":[10],"significantly":[11],"impacting":[12],"both":[13,172,182],"aesthetics":[14],"and":[15,25,38,52,78,87,108,118,127,147,153,160,174,185,245,252,273],"psychological":[16],"health.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"treatment":[19,45,100],"methods":[20],"often":[21],"show":[22],"limited":[23],"results":[24],"may":[26],"carry":[27],"certain":[28],"side":[29],"effects.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32,77],"aimed":[33],"to":[34,60],"investigate":[35],"the":[36,56,133,214,268,271],"short-":[37],"medium-term":[39,269],"clinical":[40],"efficacy":[41],"of":[42,58,66,103,121,204,241,262,275],"combined":[44,277],"protocol":[46,101],"including":[47],"enamel":[48,104],"microabrasion,":[49,105,234,242],"at-home":[50,106,243],"bleaching,":[51,107,244],"resin":[53,109,235,246],"infiltration":[54,236,247],"for":[55,158,255],"management":[57],"moderate":[59,81,159,173],"severe":[61,88,161,175],"fluorosis.":[63],"A":[64],"total":[65],"74":[67],"fluorosed":[68,176],"teeth":[69,177],"in":[70,75,139,181,195,200,218],"five":[71],"patients":[72,95],"were":[73,113,130,142,155],"included":[74],"this":[76,276],"classified":[79],"as":[80],"fluorosis":[82,89,162],"(":[83,90],"n":[84,91],"=":[85,92],"29)":[86],"45).":[93],"All":[94],"received":[96],"three-step":[98],"sequential":[99],"consisting":[102],"infiltration.":[110],"Follow-up":[111],"assessments":[112],"conducted":[114],"after":[115],"one":[116],"week":[117,170],"three":[119],"years":[120],"treatment.":[122],"Treatment":[123],"outcomes,":[124],"tooth":[125,140],"sensitivity,":[126],"patient":[128,263],"satisfaction":[129],"evaluated":[131],"using":[132,163],"visual":[134],"analogue":[135],"scale":[136],"(VAS).":[137],"Changes":[138],"appearance":[141],"summarized":[143],"within":[144],"each":[145],"patient,":[146],"exploratory":[148],"patient-level":[149,207],"comparisons":[150],"between":[151,213],"T1":[152],"T2":[154],"performed":[156],"separately":[157],"two-sided":[164],"exact":[165,223],"Wilcoxon":[166],"signed-rank":[167],"tests.":[168],"One":[169],"post-treatment,":[171],"exhibited":[178],"notable":[179],"improvements":[180],"white":[183],"spots":[184],"yellow":[186],"stains.":[187],"At":[188],"three-year":[189],"follow-up,":[190],"only":[191],"slight":[193],"decrease":[194],"aesthetic":[196],"improvement":[197],"was":[198,231],"observed":[199],"small":[202],"number":[203],"teeth.":[205],"Exploratory":[206],"analyses":[208],"detected":[209],"no":[210],"significant":[211],"changes":[212],"two":[215],"time":[216],"points":[217],"either":[219],"severity":[220],"group":[221],"(all":[222],"P":[224],"\u2265":[225],"0.500).":[226],"No":[227],"discomfort":[228],"or":[229,237],"sensitivity":[230],"reported":[232],"during":[233],"post-treatment.":[238],"The":[239],"combination":[240],"offered":[248],"minimally":[250],"invasive":[251],"effective":[253],"approach":[254],"moderate-to-severe":[256],"fluorosis,":[258],"yielding":[259],"levels":[261],"satisfaction.":[264],"Clinical":[265],"follow-up":[266],"over":[267],"demonstrated":[270],"stability":[272],"safety":[274],"protocol.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
