{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225115271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","title":"EFFECT OF BIO-CEMENTATION ON THE UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED LATERITIC SOIL BIO-TREATED AND UNTREATED CONDITIONS","display_name":"EFFECT OF BIO-CEMENTATION ON THE UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED LATERITIC SOIL BIO-TREATED AND UNTREATED CONDITIONS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225115271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","pdf_url":"https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaaer/article/download/1431/1417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946433","display_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","issn_l":"1116-2716","issn":["1116-2716"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaaer/article/download/1431/1417","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160339907","display_name":"ASHIRU, M. A., PhD","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386601","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa","ror":"https://ror.org/04js4m423","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ASHIRU, M. A., PhD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160350893","display_name":"ABUBAKAR H.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386601","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa","ror":"https://ror.org/04js4m423","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ABUBAKAR H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160340137","display_name":"M. H. HAMZA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386601","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa","ror":"https://ror.org/04js4m423","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HAMZA, M. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160387448","display_name":"ALIYU. A. A.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386601","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa","ror":"https://ror.org/04js4m423","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALIYU. A. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, P. M. B. 001: Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386601"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7519119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocementation","display_name":"biocementation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbially-induced-calcite-precipitation","display_name":"microbially induced calcite precipitation","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateritic-soil","display_name":"lateritic soil","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconfined-compressive-strength","display_name":"unconfined compressive strength","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-pumilus","display_name":"Bacillus pumilus","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-stabilization","display_name":"soil stabilization","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compaction-effort","display_name":"compaction energy","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curing-time","display_name":"curing time","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atterberg-limits","display_name":"Atterberg limits","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-shrinkage","display_name":"linear shrinkage","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-improvement","display_name":"soil improvement","score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimum-moisture-content","display_name":"optimum moisture content","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116973930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143620","display_name":"Atterberg limits","level":3,"score":0.767799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.6284999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37646163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026797","display_name":"California bearing ratio","level":3,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135677250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319673","display_name":"Bearing capacity","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780189059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4185001","display_name":"Soil stabilization","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119560385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193850","display_name":"Pile","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182745123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8215188","display_name":"Soil gradation","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","pdf_url":"https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaaer/article/download/1431/1417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946433","display_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","issn_l":"1116-2716","issn":["1116-2716"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.mediterraneanpublications.com:article/1431","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaaer/article/view/1431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946433","display_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","issn_l":"1116-2716","issn":["1116-2716"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1116-2716","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70382/mejaaer.v14i5.069","pdf_url":"https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaaer/article/download/1431/1417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406946433","display_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","issn_l":"1116-2716","issn":["1116-2716"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied and Advanced Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225115271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225115271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993252449","https://openalex.org/W2070627790","https://openalex.org/W3148428558","https://openalex.org/W3207045750","https://openalex.org/W4327918567","https://openalex.org/W4389227333","https://openalex.org/W4407996400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218317101","https://openalex.org/W7217820415","https://openalex.org/W4416028769","https://openalex.org/W4327606539","https://openalex.org/W2898043847","https://openalex.org/W3185319000","https://openalex.org/W3007634431","https://openalex.org/W4400606033","https://openalex.org/W2987076324","https://openalex.org/W7170165835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obviously,":[0],"not":[1],"all":[2],"available":[3],"soils":[4],"found":[5],"on":[6],"earth":[7],"satisfied":[8],"the":[9,23,33,52,67,127,139,156,211,233,236,297,311,352,359,365],"requirement":[10],"for":[11,82,255,296,328,342],"engineering":[12,18],"projects.":[13],"Therefore,":[14],"enhancement":[15,231],"of":[16,22,26,38,55,114,161,183,187,191,195,201,205,245,334],"soil":[17,45,93,135,171,353,366],"properties":[19],"is":[20],"one":[21],"key":[24],"concerns":[25],"a":[27,121,177,229,303],"geotechnical":[28],"engineers.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"evaluates":[32],"unconfined":[34,240],"compressive":[35,241],"strength":[36,242,307],"characteristics":[37],"compacted":[39,137,290,344],"natural":[40,128,237],"and":[41,58,64,86,131,148,198,225,250,273,294,326,339,356],"bio-treated":[42,95,134,234,257],"problematic":[43],"lateritic":[44,129],"classified":[46],"as":[47,361,363],"A-2-":[48],"6":[49],"[2]":[50],"using":[51,66,75,138,284],"American":[53],"Association":[54],"State":[56],"Highway":[57],"Transportation":[59],"Officials":[60],"(AASHTO)":[61],"classification":[62],"system":[63,71],"SC":[65],"Unified":[68],"Soil":[69],"Classification":[70],"(USCS)":[72],"after":[73],"upgraded,":[74],"microbial":[76],"induced":[77],"calcite":[78,349],"precipitation":[79],"(MICP)":[80],"technique":[81],"7days,":[83],"14":[84],"days":[85,88,330],"28":[87,329],"curing":[89,299],"period":[90],"respectively.":[91,301],"The":[92,133,169,221,348],"was":[94,136,308],"with":[96,176,217,258,291,316,345],"0,":[97],"1.50":[98],"x":[99,102,105,108,111,286],"108,":[100,103,106,109],"6.0":[101],"12":[104,285],"18":[107],"240":[110],"108":[112,287],"cells/ml":[113],"Bacillus":[115],"pumilus":[116],"(B.":[117],"pumilus)":[118],"suspension":[119],"densities,":[120],"non-":[122],"infective":[123],"microorganism":[124],"extracted":[125],"from":[126],"soil,":[130],"cultured.":[132],"British":[140,149],"Standard":[141,146,150],"Light":[142],"(BSL),":[143],"West":[144],"African":[145],"(WAS)":[147],"High":[151],"(BSH)":[152],"compactive":[153],"efforts":[154],"at":[155],"moulding":[157],"water":[158,208],"content":[159,167],"range":[160],"-2":[162],"to":[163],"+4%":[164],"optimum":[165],"moisture":[166],"(OMC).":[168],"trampled":[170],"samples":[172],"were":[173,253,313],"then":[174,357],"infused":[175],"cementitious":[178],"reagent":[179],"containing":[180],"10":[181],"g":[182,186,190,194,200],"NH4Cl,":[184],"20":[185],"Urea,":[188],"2.8":[189],"CaCl2,":[192],"3":[193],"Nutrient":[196],"broth":[197],"2.12":[199],"NaHCO3":[202],"per":[203],"litre":[204],"de":[206],"ionized":[207],"that":[209],"trigger":[210],"MICP":[212],"process":[213],"in":[214,232,306],"three":[215,298],"circles":[216],"2/3rd":[218],"pore":[219],"volume.":[220],"Atterberg":[222],"limits":[223],"results":[224],"linear":[226],"shrinkage":[227],"showed":[228],"better":[230],"than":[235],"soil.":[238],"Peak":[239],"(UCS)":[243],"values":[244,333],"2,414":[246],"N/m2,":[247,336],"3,072":[248],"N/m2":[249,252,338,341],"3,143":[251],"achieved":[254],"specimen\u2019s":[256],"25":[259,278,321],"%":[260,264,267,271,275,279,318,322],"Bp":[261,268,276,319],"\u2013":[262,269,277,320],"75":[263,274,317],"Cr,":[265],"50":[266,270],"Cr":[272,280,323],"mix":[281,324],"ratios":[282],"respectively":[283],"cells/ml,":[288],"when":[289,310],"BSH":[292,346],"energy":[293],"cured":[295,327],"periods,":[300],"Similarly,":[302],"considerable":[304],"increase":[305],"observed":[309],"specimens":[312,343],"bio-":[314],"treated":[315],"ratio":[325],"recorded":[331],"UCS":[332],"2,897":[335],"3,572":[337],"3,710":[340],"energy.":[347],"formed":[350],"binds":[351],"grains":[354],"together":[355],"improved":[358],"stiffness":[360],"well":[362],"reduce":[364],"compressibility.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
