{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225112981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","title":"CT-Guided Navigation for Complex Retropharyngeal Abscesses: A Case Series","display_name":"CT-Guided Navigation for Complex Retropharyngeal Abscesses: A Case Series","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225112981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42969285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01455613261502831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755060417","display_name":"Ear Nose & Throat Journal","issn_l":"0145-5613","issn":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ear, Nose & Throat Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076778198","display_name":"Perla Villamor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-7561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-7561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Perla Villamor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-7561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058223148","display_name":"Varun Sagi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Sagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003210998","display_name":"Rami M. Ezzibdeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Ezzibdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056859168","display_name":"Mai Thy Truong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-4013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-4013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Thy Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076778198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86163024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1455613261502831","last_page":"1455613261502831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12297","display_name":"Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12297","display_name":"Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12631","display_name":"Head and Neck Anomalies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retropharyngeal-abscess","display_name":"retropharyngeal abscess","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiloculated-abscess","display_name":"multiloculated abscess","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skull-base-extension","display_name":"skull base extension","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-carotid-artery","display_name":"internal carotid artery","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-exposure","display_name":"radiation exposure","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-accuracy","display_name":"navigation accuracy","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-drainage","display_name":"surgical drainage","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9416999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105572291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002775","display_name":"Neurovascular bundle","level":2,"score":0.7698000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018411727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3867488","display_name":"Head and neck","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776752453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174778","display_name":"Pharynx","level":2,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175696284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986524","display_name":"Cadaveric spasm","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212809","display_name":"Endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780474809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9637","display_name":"Larynx","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780969923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562083","display_name":"Retropharyngeal abscess","level":3,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777939775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16313","display_name":"Temporal bone","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176700471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611272","display_name":"Stereotaxy","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780879076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333633","display_name":"Incision and drainage","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4319750","display_name":"Clivus","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/01455613261502831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755060417","display_name":"Ear Nose & Throat Journal","issn_l":"0145-5613","issn":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ear, Nose & Throat Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42969285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42969285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ear, nose, & throat journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/01455613261502831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613261502831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2755060417","display_name":"Ear Nose & Throat Journal","issn_l":"0145-5613","issn":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ear, Nose & Throat Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1876886202","https://openalex.org/W1978417216","https://openalex.org/W1987033215","https://openalex.org/W2000338986","https://openalex.org/W2012030824","https://openalex.org/W2049014944","https://openalex.org/W2055373879","https://openalex.org/W2066251041","https://openalex.org/W2083797773","https://openalex.org/W2113907140","https://openalex.org/W2125347945","https://openalex.org/W2151268182","https://openalex.org/W2313718977","https://openalex.org/W2411056693","https://openalex.org/W2585987399","https://openalex.org/W2917826027","https://openalex.org/W2921414435","https://openalex.org/W2955488767","https://openalex.org/W3047573947","https://openalex.org/W3127540083","https://openalex.org/W3203044319","https://openalex.org/W4307313386","https://openalex.org/W4386187971","https://openalex.org/W4386986297","https://openalex.org/W4387523436","https://openalex.org/W7131694399","https://openalex.org/W7163341402","https://openalex.org/W7165579004","https://openalex.org/W7169712336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946774065","https://openalex.org/W2151268182","https://openalex.org/W2945527445","https://openalex.org/W2883987767","https://openalex.org/W2921414435","https://openalex.org/W2026446880","https://openalex.org/W3047573947","https://openalex.org/W4390143571","https://openalex.org/W1997838582","https://openalex.org/W2334424280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ObjectivesTo":[0],"describe":[1],"our":[2],"experience":[3],"with":[4,58,94,126,164,201],"CT-based":[5,128],"neuronavigation-assisted":[6,243],"transoral":[7,122,166,244],"drainage":[8,125,179,245],"for":[9,21,194,253],"anatomically":[10],"complex":[11,37,255],"pediatric":[12,256],"retropharyngeal":[13],"abscesses":[14],"(RPAs)":[15],"and":[16,32,39,49,68,113,124,149,180,186,214],"to":[17,41,89,101,115],"propose":[18],"selection":[19],"criteria":[20],"its":[22],"use.":[23],"Pediatric":[24],"deep":[25],"neck":[26],"infections,":[27],"particularly":[28],"RPAs,":[29],"pose":[30],"diagnostic":[31],"therapeutic":[33],"challenges":[34],"because":[35],"of":[36,140,177,235],"anatomy":[38],"proximity":[40],"the":[42,110,116,175,233],"internal":[43,46,117],"carotid":[44,118],"artery,":[45],"jugular":[47],"vein,":[48],"lower":[50],"cranial":[51],"nerves.":[52],"Standard":[53],"management":[54],"combines":[55],"intravenous":[56,104],"antibiotics":[57],"selective":[59],"surgical":[60],"drainage;":[61],"however,":[62],"obscured":[63],"landmarks,":[64,197],"absent":[65],"mucosal":[66],"bulging,":[67],"adjacent":[69,114],"neurovascular":[70],"structures":[71],"can":[72,160],"compromise":[73],"accurate":[74],"localization,":[75],"especially":[76],"in":[77],"high,":[78,168],"deep,":[79,169,259],"or":[80,99,171,205,240,261],"multiloculated":[81,95],"collections.MethodsWe":[82],"reviewed":[83],"three":[84],"children":[85],"(aged":[86],"12":[87,90],"months":[88],"years)":[91],"who":[92],"presented":[93],"RPAs":[96,159],"that":[97],"enlarged":[98],"failed":[100],"improve":[102],"despite":[103],"antibiotics,":[105],"including":[106],"collections":[107,142,173,264],"extending":[108],"toward":[109],"skull":[111],"base":[112],"artery.":[119],"All":[120],"underwent":[121],"incision":[123],"intraoperative":[127,144],"image-guided":[129],"navigation":[130,134,183,190,222],"using":[131],"a":[132,247],"dedicated":[133],"acquisition":[135],"protocol.ResultsNavigation":[136],"enabled":[137],"complete":[138,152],"evacuation":[139],"all":[141],"without":[143,154,265],"complications.":[145,181],"Recovery":[146],"was":[147],"uneventful,":[148],"follow-up":[150],"showed":[151],"resolution":[153],"recurrence.":[155],"While":[156],"most":[157],"superficial":[158],"be":[161,230],"managed":[162],"safely":[163],"standard":[165],"drainage,":[167,237],"multiloculated,":[170,260],"distant":[172,263],"increase":[174,225],"risk":[176],"incomplete":[178,236],"Image-guided":[182],"improved":[184],"localization":[185],"trajectory":[187],"planning.":[188],"Because":[189],"platforms":[191],"are":[192,218],"optimized":[193],"rigid":[195],"(bony)":[196],"accuracy":[198,212],"may":[199,224],"degrade":[200],"head":[202,216],"repositioning,":[203],"retraction,":[204],"soft-tissue":[206],"shift":[207],"after":[208],"decompression;":[209],"therefore,":[210],"frequent":[211],"checks":[213],"limited":[215],"manipulation":[217],"essential.":[219],"Thin-slice":[220],"CT":[221],"protocols":[223],"radiation":[226],"exposure,":[227],"which":[228],"should":[229],"balanced":[231],"against":[232],"morbidity":[234],"repeat":[238],"surgery,":[239],"external":[241],"approaches.ConclusionsCT-based":[242],"is":[246],"safe,":[248],"precise,":[249],"minimally":[250],"invasive":[251],"option":[252],"selected":[254],"RPAs-particularly":[257],"skull-base-directed,":[258],"mucosally":[262],"obvious":[266],"bulging.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}