{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225112209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","title":"Self-Driving ERP: An Autonomous Enterprise System Integrating Sixty AI Capabilities, from LLMs and RAG to AI Agents","display_name":"Self-Driving ERP: An Autonomous Enterprise System Integrating Sixty AI Capabilities, from LLMs and RAG to AI Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225112209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23880860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130828306","display_name":"Salim Thowfeek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8127-8736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8127-8736"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thowfeek, Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8127-8736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130828306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.10050000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14260","display_name":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-agents","display_name":"AI agents","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erp-modules","display_name":"ERP modules","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odoo","display_name":"Odoo","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-forecasting","display_name":"demand forecasting","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"anomaly detection","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-routing","display_name":"model routing","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-rank-adaptation","display_name":"low-rank adaptation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781456945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190581","display_name":"Invoice","level":2,"score":0.6327999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777960535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131508","display_name":"Enterprise resource planning","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10590034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048431","display_name":"Enterprise architecture","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80958533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047174","display_name":"Audit trail","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67571701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318054","display_name":"Enterprise system","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23880860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23880861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23880860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23880860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7141908841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139981896","https://openalex.org/W7223990160","https://openalex.org/W7169848881","https://openalex.org/W7212291204","https://openalex.org/W7162423630","https://openalex.org/W7202116423","https://openalex.org/W7170200364","https://openalex.org/W7162104919","https://openalex.org/W7221805874","https://openalex.org/W7203823897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,343],"research":[1,329],"presents":[2],"the":[3,54,64,82,134,182,244,276,299,315,322,333],"Self-Driving":[4,277],"ERP,":[5,304],"an":[6,102,129,319],"autonomous":[7],"enterprise":[8],"system":[9,65],"in":[10,254],"which":[11],"60":[12],"AI":[13,25,302,305,317,325,338],"capabilities,":[14],"from":[15,188,197],"large":[16],"language":[17],"models":[18],"(LLMs)":[19],"and":[20,48,56,71,95,114,124,127,170,178,238,272,286,289,303,314,327,348],"retrieval-augmented":[21],"generation":[22],"(RAG)":[23],"to":[24,98,190,199],"agents,":[26],"are":[27,93],"built":[28],"into":[29],"ten":[30],"ERP":[31,177,278],"modules:":[32],"Sales":[33],"&":[34,40,46],"CRM,":[35],"Purchase,":[36],"Inventory,":[37],"Accounting,":[38],"HR":[39],"Payroll,":[41],"Projects,":[42],"Manufacturing,":[43],"Helpdesk,":[44],"Reporting":[45],"BI,":[47],"a":[49,75,88,99,107,158,164,202,220,259,328,346],"Developer":[50],"Studio.":[51],"Modelled":[52],"on":[53,133,175,243],"components":[55],"six":[57],"levels":[58],"of":[59,61,78,207,213,230,301,324,337],"automation":[60],"self-driving":[62],"cars,":[63],"senses":[66],"business":[67],"events,":[68],"understands":[69],"documents":[70],"voice,":[72],"reasons":[73],"with":[74,101,137,232,264,311],"shared":[76],"pool":[77],"models,":[79],"acts":[80],"through":[81],"ERP's":[83],"own":[84],"transactions,":[85],"stops":[86],"at":[87],"risk":[89,203],"gate":[90,204],"when":[91],"stakes":[92],"high,":[94],"hands":[96],"control":[97],"person":[100],"explanation.":[103],"The":[104,295],"paper":[105,296],"specifies":[106],"layered":[108],"architecture":[109],"(ERP":[110],"core,":[111,117],"perception,":[112],"knowledge":[113],"memory,":[115],"cognitive":[116],"agent":[118,160],"runtime,":[119],"interaction":[120],"layer,":[121],"plus":[122],"governance":[123,309],"operations":[125],"planes)":[126],"provides":[128],"open-source":[130],"reference":[131,139],"stack":[132],"Odoo":[135],"framework":[136],"24":[138,231],"implementations,":[140],"covering":[141],"hybrid":[142],"RAG,":[143],"cost-aware":[144],"model":[145],"routing,":[146],"LoRA":[147],"fine-tuning,":[148],"demand":[149],"forecasting,":[150],"anomaly":[151,194],"detection,":[152],"invoice":[153],"extraction,":[154],"MCP":[155],"tool":[156],"servers,":[157],"risk-gated":[159],"loop,":[161],"PII":[162],"redaction,":[163],"tamper-evident":[165],"audit":[166,245],"ledger,":[167],"evaluation":[168],"harnesses":[169],"deployment.":[171],"Nine":[172],"reproducible":[173],"experiments":[174],"synthetic":[176],"software-operations":[179],"data":[180],"test":[181],"core":[183],"mechanisms:":[184],"forecast":[185],"error":[186,214],"fell":[187],"17.3%":[189],"15.0%":[191],"WAPE;":[192],"fraud-style":[193],"detection":[195],"rose":[196],"0.814":[198],"0.997":[200],"AUROC;":[201],"automated":[205],"67%":[206],"actions":[208],"while":[209],"leaving":[210],"only":[211],"12.2%":[212],"cost":[215],"unreviewed,":[216],"against":[217],"48.9%":[218],"for":[219,258,306],"value-only":[221],"limit;":[222],"production":[223],"incidents":[224],"were":[225,247],"detected":[226],"23":[227],"times":[228,234],"out":[229],"five":[233,256],"fewer":[235],"false":[236],"alarms;":[237],"all":[239],"1,000":[240],"tampering":[241],"attempts":[242],"ledger":[246],"caught.":[248],"A":[249,262],"worked":[250],"example":[251],"estimates":[252],"payback":[253],"under":[255],"months":[257],"40-person":[260],"company.":[261],"comparison":[263],"SAP,":[265],"Oracle,":[266],"Microsoft":[267],"Dynamics":[268],"365,":[269],"Odoo,":[270],"Zoho":[271],"ERPNext":[273],"shows":[274],"where":[275,290],"is":[279,345],"stronger":[280],"(affordability,":[281],"privacy,":[282],"bilingual":[283],"Arabic-English":[284],"use":[285],"measured":[287],"safety)":[288],"commercial":[291],"suites":[292],"remain":[293],"ahead.":[294],"also":[297],"covers":[298],"history":[300],"software":[307],"engineering,":[308],"aligned":[310],"ISO/IEC":[312],"42001":[313],"NIST":[316],"RMF,":[318],"implementation":[320],"roadmap,":[321],"future":[323],"skills":[326],"agenda.":[330],"It":[331],"extends":[332],"author's":[334],"earlier":[335],"study":[336],"app":[339],"builder":[340],"platforms":[341],"(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19280643).":[342],"work":[344],"preprint":[347],"has":[349],"not":[350],"been":[351],"peer-reviewed.":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}