{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225111165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","title":"Stigma, Place, and HIV: The Legacy of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster Among Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men","display_name":"Stigma, Place, and HIV: The Legacy of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Disaster Among Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225111165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/02/2026.10.31.26366861.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/02/2026.10.31.26366861.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018644117","display_name":"Griffin J. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-135X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-135X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Griffin J Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068288458","display_name":"Carly A. Comins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-4423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-4423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carly A Comins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160380479","display_name":"Jason M Lo Hog Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason M Lo Hog Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015990889","display_name":"Allison M. McFall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-2931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-2931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison M McFall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020176794","display_name":"Eshan U. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-5004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2174-5004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eshan U Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071350810","display_name":"Talia A. Loeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-0661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-0661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talia A Loeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093978577","display_name":"Mihili P Gunaratne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7977-1230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7977-1230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihili P Gunaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019613872","display_name":"Jiban Baishya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-2721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-2721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiban J Baishya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035340653","display_name":"Ashwini Kedar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-7574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-7574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127818","display_name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03j2pv534","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwini Kedar","raw_affiliation_strings":["YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134859321","display_name":"Archit Sinha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127818","display_name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03j2pv534","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Archit Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110158817","display_name":"AK Srikrishnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127818","display_name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03j2pv534","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AK Srikrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158265839","display_name":"Boobalan Jayaseelan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127818","display_name":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03j2pv534","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boobalan Jayaseelan","raw_affiliation_strings":["YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE), Chennai, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027179036","display_name":"Gregory M. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-4339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-4339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory M Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013317411","display_name":"Shruti H. Mehta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shruti H Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045447716","display_name":"Sunil Suhas Solomon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-1514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-1514","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-3051","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-8122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil S Solomon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008957169","display_name":"Steven J. Clipman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-8420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-8420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J Clipman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018644117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.7002000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.29910001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/men-who-have-sex-with-men","display_name":"men who have sex with men","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevalence","display_name":"HIV prevalence","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-viremia","display_name":"HIV viremia","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-stigma","display_name":"sexual stigma","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-disasters","display_name":"industrial disasters","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-work","display_name":"sex work","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-hubs","display_name":"transport hubs","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk-behavior","display_name":"HIV risk behavior","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhopal","display_name":"Bhopal","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780100914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297897","display_name":"Sex work","level":3,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.551800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425304","display_name":"Viremia","level":3,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776939746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853451","display_name":"Men who have sex with men","level":4,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019340110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Sexual transmission","level":4,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911049916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318529","display_name":"Unsafe Sex","level":5,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137326","display_name":"Social stigma","level":3,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994142485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852857","display_name":"Sex workers","level":4,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780742699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611410","display_name":"Sexual partner","level":4,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993290233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608","display_name":"Sexual behavior","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/02/2026.10.31.26366861.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.31.26366861","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/02/2026.10.31.26366861.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225111165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225111165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005991408","https://openalex.org/W7160072953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064406255","https://openalex.org/W2361598666","https://openalex.org/W186958208","https://openalex.org/W6902911932","https://openalex.org/W6945445790","https://openalex.org/W4403462808","https://openalex.org/W2227534760","https://openalex.org/W2241417111","https://openalex.org/W2228380973","https://openalex.org/W2554988400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"The":[1],"1984":[2],"Bhopal":[3,64],"Gas":[4],"Leak":[5],"is":[6],"widely":[7],"considered":[8],"the":[9,40,70,83,123,152,172,200,235],"worst":[10],"industrial":[11],"disaster":[12],"in":[13,63,82,177,246],"history,":[14],"and":[15,52,95,112,120,139,163,171,212,227,239],"\"big":[16],"events\"":[17],"can":[18],"have":[19,29],"durable":[20],"impacts":[21],"on":[22],"infectious":[23],"disease":[24],"transmission.":[25],"Among":[26],"men":[27],"who":[28],"sex":[30,178],"with":[31,47,192,207],"men,":[32],"we":[33],"examined":[34],"whether":[35],"meeting":[36,117,141,150,193],"sexual":[37,53,80,137],"partners":[38,81],"near":[39,151,234],"original":[41,124],"gas":[42,125,236],"leak":[43,126,153,201,237],"site":[44,238],"was":[45,88,146],"associated":[46,113,191,206],"HIV,":[48,106],"HIV-associated":[49],"risk":[50,114],"behaviors,":[51],"stigma.":[54],"Methods":[55],"We":[56,100,128],"used":[57,129],"respondent-driven":[58],"sampling":[59],"to":[60,78,122,133],"enroll":[61],"MSM":[62,175],"during":[65],"2023-24":[66],"(n=750).":[67],"Participants":[68],"reported":[69],"four":[71],"locations":[72],"where":[73],"they":[74],"most":[75],"often":[76],"went":[77],"meet":[79],"past":[84],"year.":[85],"Sexual":[86,186],"stigma":[87,138,187,226],"defined":[89],"by":[90,116],"mechanism":[91],"(enacted,":[92],"anticipated,":[93],"internalized)":[94],"source":[96],"(healthcare,":[97],"family,":[98],"society).":[99],"calculated":[101],"weighted":[102,130],"(RDS-II)":[103],"prevalences":[104,209],"of":[105,174,199,210],"population-level":[107],"HIV":[108,144,169,211,229],"viremia":[109,170],"(\u2265200":[110],"copies/ml),":[111],"behaviors":[115],"location":[118],"type":[119],"distance":[121],"site.":[127,202],"logistic":[131],"regression":[132],"examine":[134],"associations":[135],"between":[136,160],"partner":[140,195],"locations.":[142],"Results":[143],"prevalence":[145],"elevated":[147,182,228],"among":[148],"participants":[149],"site:":[154],"21.7%":[155],"within":[156,183,196],"1":[157],"km,":[158,162],"14.4%":[159],"1-2":[161],"9.7%":[164],"over":[165],"2":[166,184,197],"km.":[167,185],"Population-level":[168],"proportion":[173],"engaging":[176],"work":[179],"were":[180,189,205],"also":[181],"measures":[188],"significantly":[190],"a":[194],"km":[198],"Transportation-related":[203],"spaces":[204,220],"higher":[208],"viremia.":[213],"Conclusions":[214],"Industrial":[215],"disasters":[216],"may":[217,243],"create":[218],"marginal":[219],"which":[221],"concentrate":[222],"individuals":[223],"facing":[224],"greater":[225],"transmission":[230],"risk.":[231],"Venue-based":[232],"interventions":[233],"at":[240],"transportation":[241],"centers":[242],"be":[244],"warranted":[245],"Bhopal.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
