{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225110226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","title":"From Flexible Strips to Rhombus-Shaped Solar Panels, Module Geometry, and Design-Patent Protection","display_name":"From Flexible Strips to Rhombus-Shaped Solar Panels, Module Geometry, and Design-Patent Protection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225110226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23874017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160377274","display_name":"Alqama Muhammad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad, Alqama","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160377274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88778165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.10639999806880951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.061400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-module-design","display_name":"photovoltaic module design","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-patents","display_name":"design patents","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-protection","display_name":"patent protection","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200925200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624170","display_name":"STRIPS","level":2,"score":0.6378999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.24459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.24300000071525574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23874017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23874018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23907909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23907909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23907909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Image"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23907910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23907910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23907910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Image"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23874017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23874017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2569596572","https://openalex.org/W73130484","https://openalex.org/W3198208387","https://openalex.org/W6911981726","https://openalex.org/W7128311128","https://openalex.org/W6888929853","https://openalex.org/W833748364","https://openalex.org/W6941365855","https://openalex.org/W2947471245","https://openalex.org/W657132608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2014Lightweight,":[0],"bendable":[1],"photovoltaic":[2],"(PV)":[3],"panels":[4],"open":[5],"markets":[6],"that":[7,182],"rigid":[8],"glass":[9],"modules":[10,95,195],"cannot":[11],"serve,":[12],"including":[13,191],"low-load":[14],"roofs,":[15],"building":[16],"facades,":[17],"vehicles,":[18],"and":[19,37,54,73,78,90,131,135,206,214,220],"portable":[20],"power.":[21],"Copper":[22],"indium":[23],"gallium":[24],"diselenide":[25],"(CIGS)":[26],"is":[27,118,137,152],"the":[28,48,51,91,140,143,173,176,186,215],"most":[29],"efficient":[30],"thin-film":[31],"absorber":[32],"suited":[33],"to":[34,38,50,122,172],"flexible":[35,44,148],"substrates":[36],"roll-to-roll":[39,71],"production.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42,216],"reviews":[43],"CIGS":[45,149],"technology":[46],"from":[47],"cell":[49,74],"commercial":[52],"product":[53],"examines":[55],"how":[56,167,218],"such":[57],"products":[58],"are":[59,76,82,209],"protected":[60],"by":[61,112],"industrial-design":[62],"rights.":[63],"The":[64,179],"device":[65],"structure,":[66],"substrate":[67],"options,":[68],"record":[69],"efficiencies,":[70],"manufacturing,":[72],"interconnection":[75],"summarized,":[77],"simple":[79],"analytical":[80],"relations":[81],"given":[83],"for":[84,160],"geometric":[85],"fill":[86],"factor,":[87],"module":[88],"output,":[89],"power":[92],"of":[93,96,142,147,175,188,193,196,226],"strip":[94,194],"arbitrary":[97],"length.":[98],"As":[99],"a":[100,107,157,161,189],"case":[101],"study,":[102],"U.S.":[103],"Design":[104],"Patent":[105],"D823,237,":[106],"solar":[108,163],"panel":[109,177],"design":[110,159,168,183],"filed":[111],"Global":[113],"Solar":[114],"Energy":[115],"in":[116,139],"2017,":[117],"analyzed":[119],"with":[120,155],"respect":[121],"its":[123,201],"claim,":[124],"drawing":[125],"views,":[126],"unclaimed":[127],"matter,":[128],"term,":[129],"ownership,":[130],"cited":[132],"prior":[133],"art,":[134],"it":[136],"placed":[138],"context":[141],"company\u2019s":[144],"two":[145],"decades":[146],"development.":[150],"It":[151],"then":[153],"compared":[154],"D1,126,137,":[156],"2026":[158],"rhombus-shaped":[162],"panel,":[164,190],"which":[165],"shows":[166,181],"protection":[169],"now":[170],"extends":[171],"outline":[174],"itself.":[178],"review":[180],"patents":[184,205],"protect":[185],"appearance":[187],"families":[192],"unspecified":[197],"length,":[198],"but":[199],"not":[200],"electrical":[202],"performance.":[203],"Utility":[204],"trade":[207],"secrets":[208],"therefore":[210],"needed":[211],"alongside":[212],"them,":[213],"outlines":[217],"engineers":[219],"firms":[221],"can":[222],"combine":[223],"these":[224],"forms":[225],"protection.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
