{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225107141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","title":"Investigating the Effects of Material Inhomogeneity on the Robustness of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise-Based Stress Characterization","display_name":"Investigating the Effects of Material Inhomogeneity on the Robustness of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise-Based Stress Characterization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225107141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met16111207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069711773","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-2035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-2035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-2035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160366607","display_name":"Geng Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026293469","display_name":"Qianhang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-6100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-6100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianhang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870054","display_name":"Bin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160379423","display_name":"Xiaotian Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160379423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75174769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1207","last_page":"1207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barkhausen-noise","display_name":"Barkhausen noise","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-heterogeneity","display_name":"material heterogeneity","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size-effects","display_name":"grain size effects","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-statistics","display_name":"grain statistics","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-height-distribution","display_name":"pulse height distribution","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-histograms","display_name":"amplitude histograms","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q235-steel","display_name":"Q235 steel","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oriented-silicon-steel","display_name":"oriented silicon steel","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"repeatability","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71076449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211518","display_name":"Barkhausen effect","level":4,"score":0.767300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6908000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.5860999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.5227000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37292000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257918","display_name":"Residual stress","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79186407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472074","display_name":"Plasticity","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967996","display_name":"Carbon steel","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776322781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5558478","display_name":"Giant magnetoimpedance","level":5,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47441113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9691942","display_name":"Magnetic hysteresis","level":4,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/met16111207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/met16111207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/met16111207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208383","display_name":"Metals","issn_l":"2075-4701","issn":["2075-4701"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019785063","https://openalex.org/W3151409855","https://openalex.org/W2906662703","https://openalex.org/W2156812070","https://openalex.org/W2806845864","https://openalex.org/W7117740234","https://openalex.org/W7172533715","https://openalex.org/W4412398726","https://openalex.org/W4224932528","https://openalex.org/W2303867846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,135],"Magnetic":[1],"Barkhausen":[2],"Noise":[3],"(MBN)":[4],"measurement":[5,147],"method":[6,74,94],"is":[7,25,70,79,95,159],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,42,81,186],"evaluate":[11],"stress,":[12],"microstructure,":[13],"plasticity":[14],"and":[15,46,103,119,128,189],"other":[16],"material":[17,29,133,153,187],"states":[18],"of":[19,86,123,132,152,173,180],"ferromagnetic":[20],"materials.":[21,164],"However,":[22],"stress":[23,51,194,210],"assessment":[24],"generally":[26],"affected":[27],"by":[28,34,143],"inhomogeneity":[30,188],"or":[31],"anisotropy":[32],"caused":[33],"microstructure":[35],"properties":[36],"such":[37],"as":[38,177],"grain":[39,77],"size,":[40],"leading":[41],"low":[43],"signal-to-noise":[44],"ratio":[45],"poor":[47],"repeatability":[48,192],"when":[49],"characterizing":[50],"using":[52,212],"MBN":[53,62,91,124,156,213],"signals.":[54,92],"In":[55],"this":[56,203],"paper,":[57],"a":[58,66,144],"high":[59],"spatial":[60],"resolution":[61],"sensor":[63],"based":[64,75],"on":[65,76,98,155],"recording":[67],"magnetic":[68],"head":[69],"designed.":[71],"A":[72],"statistical":[73],"statistics":[78],"proposed":[80],"determine":[82],"the":[83,139,150,166,178],"minimum":[84],"number":[85,179],"grains":[87],"required":[88],"for":[89,130,162,208],"stable":[90],"experimentally":[96],"validated":[97],"fine-grained":[99],"Q235":[100],"carbon":[101],"steel":[102,107],"27QG110":[104],"oriented":[105],"silicon":[106],"with":[108,198],"large":[109,146],"grains.":[110],"Different":[111],"feature":[112,172],"extraction":[113],"methods,":[114],"including":[115],"RMS,":[116],"amplitude":[117,174],"histogram":[118],"pulse":[120,169],"height":[121],"distribution":[122],"signals":[125],"are":[126],"applied":[127],"compared":[129],"robustness":[131,185],"inhomogeneity.":[134],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"average":[140],"effect":[141],"achieved":[142],"sufficiently":[145],"area":[148],"reduces":[149],"impact":[151],"heterogeneity":[154],"signals,":[157],"which":[158],"particularly":[160],"relevant":[161],"large-grain":[163],"Additionally,":[165],"normalized":[167],"threshold":[168,182],"count":[170],"(ThPC)":[171],"histogram,":[175],"defined":[176],"upward":[181],"crossings,":[183],"enhances":[184],"provides":[190,205],"good":[191],"in":[193],"characterization":[195],"across":[196],"materials":[197],"different":[199],"microstructurual":[200],"scales.":[201],"Therefore,":[202],"study":[204],"practical":[206],"guidance":[207],"quantitative":[209],"evaluation":[211],"measurement.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}