{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225102151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","title":"Hydrogeochemistry and suitability assessment of surface and groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and corrosive potential in the Coastal District Porbandar of Gujarat, India","display_name":"Hydrogeochemistry and suitability assessment of surface and groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and corrosive potential in the Coastal District Porbandar of Gujarat, India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225102151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062878","display_name":"BMC Marine Science","issn_l":"3059-4979","issn":["3059-4979"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119679223","display_name":"Pratik Chavda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5999-0746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5999-0746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114173286","display_name":"Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/017f2w007","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pratik Chavda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102665459","display_name":"Mukesh P. Chaudhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2187-2375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2187-2375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114173286","display_name":"Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/017f2w007","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh P. Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160325493","display_name":"Chintan Somaiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9694494","display_name":"Parul University","ror":"https://ror.org/024v3fg07","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9694494"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chintan Somaiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9694494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091128741","display_name":"Pranav S. Shrivastav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-1558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-1558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114173286","display_name":"Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/017f2w007","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav S. Shrivastav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119679223","https://openalex.org/A5160325493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114173286","https://openalex.org/I9694494"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72629598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-hydrochemistry","display_name":"hydrogeochemistry","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-quality","display_name":"groundwater quality","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saltwater-intrusion","display_name":"saltwater intrusion","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-aquifers","display_name":"coastal aquifers","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"salinity","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-potability","display_name":"drinking water suitability","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water-suitability","display_name":"irrigation water suitability","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-potential","display_name":"corrosion potential","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality-index","display_name":"water quality index","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-sodicity","display_name":"sodicity","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-rock-interaction","display_name":"water-rock interaction","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"evaporation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-dissolution","display_name":"mineral dissolution","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.7240999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.6000999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132594454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002254","display_name":"Saltwater intrusion","level":4,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118178180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533","display_name":"Brackish water","level":3,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658","display_name":"Gypsum","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780793598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317163","display_name":"Return flow","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073798","display_name":"Irrigation district","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778192778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20113712","display_name":"Groundwater pollution","level":4,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152613627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050262","display_name":"Overexploitation","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131227075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611028","display_name":"Groundwater flow","level":4,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062878","display_name":"BMC Marine Science","issn_l":"3059-4979","issn":["3059-4979"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s44479-026-00010-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407062878","display_name":"BMC Marine Science","issn_l":"3059-4979","issn":["3059-4979"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.9897000193595886}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225102151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225102151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971381271","https://openalex.org/W1974750286","https://openalex.org/W2002678980","https://openalex.org/W2019929602","https://openalex.org/W2028892179","https://openalex.org/W2047708113","https://openalex.org/W2047828631","https://openalex.org/W2072185607","https://openalex.org/W2077795175","https://openalex.org/W2105455980","https://openalex.org/W2150844682","https://openalex.org/W2299419417","https://openalex.org/W2335317520","https://openalex.org/W2464114312","https://openalex.org/W2485093000","https://openalex.org/W2513116216","https://openalex.org/W2529860163","https://openalex.org/W2587103784","https://openalex.org/W2596641690","https://openalex.org/W2745767503","https://openalex.org/W2800604825","https://openalex.org/W2891604959","https://openalex.org/W2903342509","https://openalex.org/W2915028829","https://openalex.org/W2940525561","https://openalex.org/W2963158959","https://openalex.org/W2986745396","https://openalex.org/W3011457012","https://openalex.org/W3025345033","https://openalex.org/W3087885320","https://openalex.org/W3109163124","https://openalex.org/W3129783187","https://openalex.org/W3132269838","https://openalex.org/W3154568975","https://openalex.org/W4211134518","https://openalex.org/W4225125046","https://openalex.org/W4225262004","https://openalex.org/W4281955560","https://openalex.org/W4284959154","https://openalex.org/W4386116916","https://openalex.org/W4386137799","https://openalex.org/W4387435181","https://openalex.org/W4389943220","https://openalex.org/W4396933455","https://openalex.org/W4402275369","https://openalex.org/W4402445509","https://openalex.org/W4406827453","https://openalex.org/W4408555039","https://openalex.org/W4410901760","https://openalex.org/W4413223530","https://openalex.org/W4416168042","https://openalex.org/W4417538147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160300919","https://openalex.org/W7095488432","https://openalex.org/W2782472906","https://openalex.org/W4402639912","https://openalex.org/W2094131247","https://openalex.org/W3132443721","https://openalex.org/W2066028061","https://openalex.org/W3134138830","https://openalex.org/W3094124733","https://openalex.org/W4413242185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Surface":[1],"and":[2,17,27,36,40,89,101,120,173,177,199,214,254],"groundwater":[3,41,146,183,223,250],"resources":[4],"in":[5,42,105,126,231,263],"semi-arid":[6,219],"coastal":[7,106,129,166,266],"regions":[8],"are":[9,160],"highly":[10],"susceptible":[11],"to":[12,143,150,170,186,258],"salinity":[13,99,172],"buildup,":[14],"hydrochemical":[15,81,103],"changes,":[16],"human":[18],"activities,":[19],"which":[20],"compromise":[21],"their":[22],"usability":[23],"for":[24,152,163,248],"drinking,":[25],"irrigation,":[26],"industry.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"assesses":[31],"the":[32,57,127,132,239,245],"hydrogeochemistry,":[33],"spatial":[34],"variation,":[35],"suitability":[37],"of":[38,50,110],"surface":[39],"Gujarat's":[43,265],"Coastal":[44],"District":[45],"Porbandar":[46],"(CDP).":[47],"A":[48],"total":[49],"81":[51],"water":[52,232,261],"samples":[53],"were":[54,74,123],"collected":[55],"during":[56],"2024":[58],"pre-monsoon":[59],"season":[60],"using":[61,192],"a":[62,228],"5":[63,65],"\u00d7":[64],"km":[66],"2":[67],"grid":[68],"sampling":[69],"method.":[70],"Sixteen":[71],"physicochemical":[72],"parameters":[73],"analyzed":[75],"following":[76],"APHA":[77],"(2017)":[78],"standards.":[79],"The":[80,135,242],"analysis":[82,191,226],"indicated":[83,202],"dominant":[84],"Na":[85,113],"+":[86,114],"\u2013Cl":[87,95],"-":[88,96,117],"mixed":[90],"Ca":[91],"2+":[92,94,122],"\u2013Mg":[93],"facies,":[97],"reflecting":[98],"increase":[100],"advanced":[102],"development":[104],"aquifers.":[107],"Higher":[108],"levels":[109],"EC,":[111],"TDS,":[112],",":[115,118],"Cl":[116],"TH,":[119],"Mg":[121],"mainly":[124,221],"found":[125],"southern":[128,240],"areas":[130],"near":[131],"Arabian":[133],"Sea.":[134],"Water":[136],"Quality":[137],"Index":[138],"(WQI)":[139],"ranged":[140],"from":[141,148,234],"19.36":[142],"727.76,":[144],"showing":[145],"quality":[147,233],"excellent":[149],"unsuitable":[151],"drinking.":[153],"Irrigation":[154],"indices":[155,179],"suggested":[156],"that":[157,203],"inland":[158,235],"aquifers":[159,167],"generally":[161],"suitable":[162],"farming,":[164],"while":[165],"face":[168],"moderate":[169],"high":[171,187],"sodicity":[174],"risks.":[175],"Industrial":[176],"corrosion":[178],"revealed":[180],"mostly":[181],"corrosive":[182],"traits":[184],"linked":[185],"ionic":[188],"levels.":[189],"Integrated":[190],"Piper,":[193],"Chadha,":[194],"Durov,":[195],"Gibbs,":[196],"CAI,":[197],"Mifflin,":[198],"TH\u2013TDS":[200],"diagrams":[201],"seawater":[204],"intrusion,":[205],"evaporation,":[206],"water\u2013rock":[207],"interaction,":[208],"reverse":[209],"ion":[210],"exchange,":[211],"mineral":[212],"dissolution,":[213],"long":[215],"residence":[216],"times":[217],"under":[218],"conditions":[220],"govern":[222],"chemistry.":[224],"Spatial":[225],"showed":[227],"progressive":[229],"decline":[230],"recharge":[236],"zones":[237],"toward":[238],"coast.":[241],"findings":[243],"emphasize":[244],"urgent":[246],"need":[247],"systematic":[249],"monitoring,":[251],"salt":[252],"management,":[253],"sustainable":[255],"aquifer":[256],"conservation":[257],"secure":[259],"long-term":[260],"availability":[262],"western":[264],"systems.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}