{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225087874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","title":"Uneven automation: comparing authorship anxiety and generative AI use among art and design undergraduate students","display_name":"Uneven automation: comparing authorship anxiety and generative AI use among art and design undergraduate students","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225087874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160350461","display_name":"Hui He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Fine Arts, South China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Fine Arts, South China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092277602","display_name":"Jianjun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fine Arts Academy, Hunan Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fine Arts Academy, Hunan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160387310","display_name":"Ziling Ye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149735164","display_name":"Hengyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/006bvjm48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziling Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arts Institute, Hengyang Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arts Institute, Hengyang Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149735164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141139551","display_name":"Hongye Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongye Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Art & Design, Guangdong University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art & Design, Guangdong University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160337186","display_name":"Rancheng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134002","display_name":"Shandong University of Art and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/034p36h22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rancheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Plastic Arts, Shandong University of Art & Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Plastic Arts, Shandong University of Art & Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102852852","display_name":"Zhuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-3376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-3376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education Science, Qingdao University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education Science, Qingdao University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102852852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89995176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14002","display_name":"Art, Technology, and Culture","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14254","display_name":"Digital Media and Visual Art","score":0.06120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creative-agency","display_name":"creative agency","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-and-design-education","display_name":"art and design education","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-arts-students","display_name":"fine arts students","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-students","display_name":"design students","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-dependency","display_name":"AI dependency","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-usefulness","display_name":"perceived usefulness","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ai-collaboration","display_name":"human-AI collaboration","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-pressure","display_name":"labor market pressure","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7415000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170477896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039022","display_name":"Ideation","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2761000096797943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:781d83f2336d4e8c83384e06e0046113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/781d83f2336d4e8c83384e06e0046113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1948564/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225087874.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225087874.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1997871319","https://openalex.org/W2019889985","https://openalex.org/W2025781576","https://openalex.org/W2040493112","https://openalex.org/W2048606101","https://openalex.org/W2049480502","https://openalex.org/W2056700613","https://openalex.org/W2063605818","https://openalex.org/W2089871805","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2130663341","https://openalex.org/W2132738192","https://openalex.org/W2165810797","https://openalex.org/W2229226246","https://openalex.org/W2305278139","https://openalex.org/W2610551509","https://openalex.org/W2610765860","https://openalex.org/W2788930055","https://openalex.org/W2810467261","https://openalex.org/W2986670104","https://openalex.org/W2999199799","https://openalex.org/W3044960932","https://openalex.org/W3093223973","https://openalex.org/W3128899026","https://openalex.org/W3130295820","https://openalex.org/W4206439534","https://openalex.org/W4238545019","https://openalex.org/W4249673087","https://openalex.org/W4306403444","https://openalex.org/W4307127952","https://openalex.org/W4380769213","https://openalex.org/W4384464487","https://openalex.org/W4400578758","https://openalex.org/W7116972338","https://openalex.org/W7134895666","https://openalex.org/W7135055812","https://openalex.org/W7148749130","https://openalex.org/W7154173839","https://openalex.org/W7166167034","https://openalex.org/W7166200900","https://openalex.org/W7201855939","https://openalex.org/W7202289863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164905751","https://openalex.org/W7220714587","https://openalex.org/W7153715312","https://openalex.org/W7167327267","https://openalex.org/W7204254739","https://openalex.org/W7166646676","https://openalex.org/W7132851631","https://openalex.org/W7169868162","https://openalex.org/W7202358628","https://openalex.org/W7212923258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Art":[0],"and":[1,23,54,59,70,84,125,163,200,212],"design":[2,55,93,157,204],"education":[3],"expects":[4],"students":[5,21,46,150,158,173,193,205,227],"to":[6,189,232],"develop":[7],"a":[8,38],"sense":[9],"of":[10,72,186],"authorship":[11,61,111,175,196,222],"over":[12,179],"original":[13],"work,":[14],"but":[15,139,226],"generative":[16],"AI":[17],"(GenAI)":[18],"complicates":[19],"how":[20,149],"understand":[22],"claim":[24],"that":[25,109],"authorship.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"examined":[29,78,103],"whether":[30],"these":[31],"experiences":[32],"differ":[33,115],"across":[34,80,117,169],"creative":[35,63,181],"fields":[36,230],"through":[37],"mixed-methods":[39],"design.":[40],"The":[41,74,105],"survey":[42,99],"included":[43],"2,441":[44],"GenAI-using":[45],"from":[47,97],"seven":[48,82,119],"field":[49],"categories":[50,83,120],"at":[51,135,141],"33":[52],"art":[53,88,124],"institutions":[56],"in":[57,148,197,228,234],"China":[58],"assessed":[60],"anxiety,":[62],"agency,":[64],"perceived":[65],"usefulness,":[66],"dependence":[67],"on":[68,209],"GenAI,":[69],"frequency":[71],"use.":[73],"quantitative":[75],"analysis":[76],"first":[77],"variation":[79],"all":[81],"then":[85],"compared":[86],"fine":[87,123],"with":[89,154],"the":[90,118,128,132,170,180,239],"five":[91],"applied":[92],"fields.":[94],"Interview":[95],"data":[96],"22":[98],"participants":[100],"were":[101],"also":[102],"thematically.":[104],"main":[106],"findings":[107],"include":[108],"(1)":[110],"anxiety":[112],"did":[113],"not":[114,140],"significantly":[116],"or":[121],"between":[122],"pooled":[126],"design;":[127],"latter":[129],"comparison":[130],"met":[131],"equivalence":[133],"criterion":[134],"\u00b1d":[136],"=":[137],"0.20,":[138],"tighter":[142],"bounds;":[143],"(2)":[144],"clearer":[145],"differences":[146],"emerged":[147],"used":[151,164],"GenAI.":[152,190],"Compared":[153],"fine-art":[155,192],"students,":[156],"considered":[159],"GenAI":[160,233],"more":[161,166],"useful":[162],"it":[165],"frequently;":[167],"(3)":[168],"interviews,":[171],"most":[172],"described":[174],"as":[176],"retaining":[177],"control":[178],"idea":[182],"while":[183],"delegating":[184],"parts":[185],"its":[187],"execution":[188],"Specifically,":[191],"often":[194],"grounded":[195],"embodied":[198],"making":[199],"human":[201],"imperfection,":[202],"whereas":[203],"placed":[206],"greater":[207],"emphasis":[208],"judgement,":[210],"selection,":[211],"control.":[213],"We":[214],"call":[215],"this":[216],"pattern":[217],"uneven":[218],"automation:":[219],"concern":[220],"about":[221],"was":[223],"broadly":[224],"shared,":[225],"different":[229,235],"responded":[231],"ways,":[236],"potentially":[237],"reflecting":[238],"varying":[240],"labour-market":[241],"pressures":[242],"surrounding":[243],"their":[244],"disciplines.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}
