{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225077321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","title":"Algal-bacterial synergy in marimo granules enables low-carbon advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater","display_name":"Algal-bacterial synergy in marimo granules enables low-carbon advanced nitrogen removal from wastewater","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225077321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04215-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221880","display_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","issn_l":"2662-4435","issn":["2662-4435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04215-2_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160362870","display_name":"Yihang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160366952","display_name":"Guowei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160381942","display_name":"Feifei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5145331498","display_name":"\u9648\u4e00\u840d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160381533","display_name":"Changqing Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009059784","display_name":"Bin Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-0931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-0931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339500","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-4452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-4452","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-3443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-4452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345691","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-2902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-2902","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6055-2790","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4253-7121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Laboratory of Low-Carbon Unconventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Quality Assurance, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009059784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72450549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marimo","display_name":"marimo","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-removal","display_name":"nitrogen removal","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-removal","display_name":"nitrate removal","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denitrification","display_name":"denitrification","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-assimilation","display_name":"nitrate assimilation","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissimilatory-nitrate-reduction-to-ammonium","display_name":"dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhodobacteraceae","display_name":"Rhodobacteraceae","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment-plant-effluent","display_name":"wastewater treatment plant effluent","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-filtering","display_name":"environmental filtering","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbon-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"low-carbon wastewater treatment","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.883899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73593433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742637","display_name":"Denitrification","level":3,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.5302000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93419950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12203192","display_name":"Nutrient pollution","level":3,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19910418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688195","display_name":"Aerobic denitrification","level":5,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90195498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water pollution","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49045045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82551","display_name":"Nitrogen cycle","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901","display_name":"Ammonium","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182329","display_name":"Ammonium nitrate","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104647666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131427","display_name":"Autotroph","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4916135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119055","display_name":"Bioprocess","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72158415","display_name":"Nitrite","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197011783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5257859","display_name":"Denitrifying bacteria","level":4,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04215-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221880","display_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","issn_l":"2662-4435","issn":["2662-4435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-04215-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-04215-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221880","display_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","issn_l":"2662-4435","issn":["2662-4435"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Earth & Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5917999744415283}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1346990565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HGKFYBP08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","funder_display_name":"Hubei University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3978002762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52270048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225077321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225077321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413813349","https://openalex.org/W4403522701","https://openalex.org/W4396690943","https://openalex.org/W4290858559","https://openalex.org/W4401163227","https://openalex.org/W4384827834","https://openalex.org/W4384700740","https://openalex.org/W7167841745","https://openalex.org/W7160330592","https://openalex.org/W7163072674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Marimo,":[1],"a":[2,7,75],"natural":[3],"microalgal-bacterial":[4],"consortium,":[5,79],"represents":[6],"low-carbon":[8,139],"solution":[9],"for":[10],"nitrate":[11,26,36,46,56,87,95,107,128,145],"pollution":[12],"control":[13],"in":[14,49,60],"low-nutrient":[15],"waters.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,83,122,126,136],"adaptation":[19],"of":[20,86,131,138],"its":[21],"nitrogen-cycling":[22],"network":[23],"to":[24,58,104],"fluctuating":[25,144],"levels":[27],"remains":[28],"poorly":[29],"understood.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32],"reveals":[33],"that":[34,69,94],"elevated":[35],"drives":[37],"water":[38],"matrix-dependent":[39],"metabolic":[40],"shifts,":[41],"enhancing":[42],"denitrification":[43],"and":[44,113,133],"assimilatory":[45],"reduction":[47,57],"performance":[48,130],"oligotrophic":[50],"lake":[51],"water,":[52],"while":[53],"strengthening":[54],"dissimilatory":[55],"ammonium":[59],"carbon-richer":[61],"wastewater":[62],"treatment":[63,141],"plant":[64],"effluent.":[65],"Metagenomic":[66],"analysis":[67,91],"shows":[68],"this":[70,102],"reprogramming":[71],"is":[72],"coordinated":[73],"by":[74],"functionally":[76],"specialized":[77],"core":[78],"with":[80],"Rhodobacteraceae":[81],"as":[82,97],"keystone":[84],"driver":[85],"reduction.":[88],"Meanwhile,":[89],"correlation":[90],"further":[92],"demonstrates":[93],"functions":[96],"an":[98],"environmental":[99],"filter,":[100],"enriching":[101],"consortium":[103],"sustain":[105],"high":[106],"removal":[108,129],"efficiency,":[109],"endogenous":[110],"nitrogen":[111],"recycling,":[112],"symbiotic":[114],"stability.":[115],"Overall,":[116],"these":[117],"findings":[118],"offer":[119],"insights":[120],"into":[121],"microbial":[123],"mechanisms":[124],"underlying":[125],"stable":[127],"marimo":[132],"can":[134],"guide":[135],"design":[137],"marimo-based":[140],"systems":[142],"under":[143],"conditions.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-03T00:00:00"}