{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225065776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","title":"Latest guidelines on asthma exacerbation management","display_name":"Latest guidelines on asthma exacerbation management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225065776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","pdf_url":"https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/download/1790/2587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205432","display_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","issn_l":"0301-0546","issn":["0301-0546","1578-1267"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/download/1790/2587","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160287968","display_name":"Arnella Husenaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnella Husenaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Prishtina \u201cHasan Prishtina\u201d, Faculty of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Prishtina \u201cHasan Prishtina\u201d, Faculty of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119917047","display_name":"Donart Zymberi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4245-9247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4245-9247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donart Zymberi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Prishtina \u201cHasan Prishtina\u201d, Faculty of Medicine; Main Center of Family Medicine in Gjakova"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4245-9247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Prishtina \u201cHasan Prishtina\u201d, Faculty of Medicine; Main Center of Family Medicine in Gjakova","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84642306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"6","first_page":"47","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-exacerbations","display_name":"asthma exacerbations","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-asthma-management","display_name":"acute asthma management","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-therapy","display_name":"oxygen therapy","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxemia","display_name":"hypoxemia","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-corticosteroids","display_name":"systemic corticosteroids","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipratropium-bromide","display_name":"ipratropium bromide","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravenous-magnesium-sulfate","display_name":"intravenous magnesium sulfate","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budesonide-formoterol","display_name":"budesonide/formoterol","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-therapy","display_name":"biologic therapy","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-disposition","display_name":"patient disposition","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severity-grading","display_name":"severity classification","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-care","display_name":"emergency department care","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424294","display_name":"Ipratropium bromide","level":4,"score":0.8490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.5877000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776202631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471763","display_name":"Aminophylline","level":2,"score":0.5681999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33959","display_name":"Nice","level":2,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909082789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma exacerbations","level":3,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778338976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517104","display_name":"Wheeze","level":3,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780630273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988216","display_name":"Oxygen therapy","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909577894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424294","display_name":"Ipratropium","level":4,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778088044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279330","display_name":"Bronchospasm","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142424586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307572","display_name":"Refractory (planetary science)","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018162438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Adjunctive treatment","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039","display_name":"Disease management","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","pdf_url":"https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/download/1790/2587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205432","display_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","issn_l":"0301-0546","issn":["0301-0546","1578-1267"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v54i6.1790","pdf_url":"https://all-imm.com/index.php/aei/article/download/1790/2587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205432","display_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","issn_l":"0301-0546","issn":["0301-0546","1578-1267"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","latindex","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225065776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225065776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493808129","https://openalex.org/W1561496887","https://openalex.org/W1961535972","https://openalex.org/W1964779747","https://openalex.org/W1966647482","https://openalex.org/W2061435251","https://openalex.org/W2106971080","https://openalex.org/W2168893078","https://openalex.org/W2490831979","https://openalex.org/W2557983321","https://openalex.org/W4243328875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804871282","https://openalex.org/W76780768","https://openalex.org/W2344974607","https://openalex.org/W2397731359","https://openalex.org/W4403034138","https://openalex.org/W193495361","https://openalex.org/W2426806178","https://openalex.org/W4390956352","https://openalex.org/W2100194807","https://openalex.org/W2075469604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Asthma":[0,43,51,58],"exacerbations":[1],"are":[2,182],"a":[3,216],"major":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,103],"urgent":[7],"healthcare":[8],"use":[9,102],"and":[10,28,60,68,78,124,153,180,244],"preventable":[11],"morbidity.":[12],"International":[13],"guidance":[14,85],"is":[15,158,170,235],"broadly":[16],"consistent,":[17],"but":[18,208],"differences":[19],"in":[20,75,161,193,237],"severity":[21,112],"classification,":[22],"oxygen":[23,114,137,238],"targets,":[24,239],"bronchodilator":[25],"delivery,":[26],"escalation,":[27,123],"disposition":[29],"can":[30],"complicate":[31],"practice.":[32],"This":[33],"targeted":[34],"narrative":[35],"comparative":[36],"review":[37],"examined":[38,98],"the":[39,49,55,91],"Global":[40],"Initiative":[41],"for":[42,105,139,144,172,205,210],"(GINA)":[44],"2026":[45,199],"strategy,":[46],"GEMA":[47],"5.5,":[48],"Australian":[50],"Handbook":[52],"version":[53],"3.0,":[54],"US":[56],"National":[57],"Education":[59],"Prevention":[61],"Program":[62],"Expert":[63],"Panel":[64],"Report":[65],"3":[66],"(EPR-3),":[67],"United":[69],"Kingdom":[70],"acute":[71,223],"asthma":[72],"recommendations":[73],"retained":[74],"SIGN":[76,187],"158":[77],"signposted":[79],"through":[80,88],"NICE":[81],"pathway":[82],"NG244.":[83],"Official":[84],"was":[86],"reviewed":[87],"July":[89],"2026;":[90],"2020":[92],"NAEPP":[93],"Focused":[94],"Updates":[95],"were":[96,109],"also":[97],"to":[99],"contextualize":[100],"continued":[101],"EPR-3":[104],"acute-care":[106],"dosing.":[107],"Recommendations":[108],"compared":[110],"across":[111],"assessment,":[113,131],"therapy,":[115],"inhaled":[116,133],"bronchodilation,":[117],"systemic":[118,142],"corticosteroids,":[119],"adjunctive":[120],"treatment,":[121,136,243],"reassessment,":[122],"disposition.":[125,245],"All":[126],"sources":[127],"support":[128],"immediate":[129],"clinical":[130],"prompt":[132],"short-acting":[134],"\u03b22-agonist":[135],"titrated":[138],"hypoxemia,":[140],"early":[141,160],"corticosteroids":[143],"more":[145],"than":[146,221],"mild":[147],"disease":[148],"or":[149,163,175,195],"inadequate":[150],"initial":[151,231],"response,":[152],"frequent":[154],"reassessment.":[155],"Ipratropium":[156],"bromide":[157],"used":[159],"moderate-to-severe":[162],"severe":[164,174],"presentations,":[165],"whereas":[166],"intravenous":[167],"magnesium":[168],"sulfate":[169],"reserved":[171],"persistent":[173],"life-threatening":[176],"exacerbations.":[177],"Intravenous":[178],"\u03b22-agonists":[179],"aminophylline":[181],"not":[183],"routine":[184],"treatments,":[185],"although":[186],"retains":[188],"narrowly":[189],"defined":[190],"specialist":[191],"options":[192],"refractory":[194,242],"near-fatal":[196],"disease.":[197],"GINA":[198],"reports":[200],"limited":[201],"emergency":[202],"department":[203],"evidence":[204],"high-dose":[206],"budesonide-formoterol":[207],"calls":[209],"further":[211],"study.":[212],"Biologic":[213],"therapy":[214],"remains":[215],"long-term":[217],"severe-asthma":[218],"strategy":[219],"rather":[220],"standard":[222],"rescue":[224],"treatment.":[225],"The":[226],"strongest":[227],"international":[228],"consensus":[229],"concerns":[230],"stabilization;":[232],"meaningful":[233],"variation":[234],"concentrated":[236],"objective":[240],"thresholds,":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}
