{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225065670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","title":"Lessons from an AI-Assisted Independent Physics Laboratory: An Artifact-Based Retrospective Case Study","display_name":"Lessons from an AI-Assisted Independent Physics Laboratory: An Artifact-Based Retrospective Case Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225065670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23870579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137476478","display_name":"Colin Oreilly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin, Oreilly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160295826","display_name":"Open AI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Open AI","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.5698000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.21899999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.04190000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ai-collaboration","display_name":"human-AI collaboration","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"computational physics","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-transport","display_name":"quantum transport","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-retrieval","display_name":"phase retrieval","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-design","display_name":"experimental design","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-testing","display_name":"adversarial testing","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-correction","display_name":"error correction","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provenance-tracking","display_name":"provenance tracking","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-results","display_name":"negative results","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-reporting","display_name":"uncertainty reporting","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-development","display_name":"hypothesis development","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"citizen science","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72161134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421219","display_name":"Expert elicitation","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778035492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315176","display_name":"Research program","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138379479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116876","display_name":"Scientific modelling","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984917352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819","display_name":"Scientific discovery","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302238","display_name":"Undergraduate research","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23870579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23870580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23870579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23870579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111393385","https://openalex.org/W7221791055","https://openalex.org/W7220442843","https://openalex.org/W7154837631","https://openalex.org/W7125384977","https://openalex.org/W7118690722","https://openalex.org/W7117367469","https://openalex.org/W7107866018","https://openalex.org/W7134185474","https://openalex.org/W7213240354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"preprint":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,20,31,55,132,161,175],"methodological":[4,163,221],"case":[5],"study":[6,95,192],"of":[7,33,57,78,90,148,154,228],"Gravity":[8],"Lab,":[9],"an":[10,169],"independent":[11,142,170,196],"computational":[12,34,68,127,200],"physics":[13],"research":[14,63,133,171,230],"program":[15],"conducted":[16],"through":[17],"collaboration":[18,208],"between":[19],"human":[21,136],"investigator":[22],"and":[23,35,45,75,88,109,123,151,165,202,222,224],"multiple":[24],"artificial":[25,178],"intelligence":[26,179],"systems.":[27],"The":[28,94,129,157,191,218],"project":[29],"explored":[30],"range":[32],"quantum-physics":[36],"questions,":[37],"including":[38],"gravitational-wave":[39],"modeling,":[40],"quantum":[41,46],"transport,":[42],"phase":[43],"reconstruction,":[44],"hardware":[47],"experiments.":[48],"Rather":[49],"than":[50,174],"presenting":[51],"these":[52],"investigations":[53],"as":[54],"sequence":[56],"discoveries,":[58],"the":[59,62,76,86],"paper":[60,130],"examines":[61],"process":[64],"itself:":[65],"experimental":[66,139],"design,":[67],"implementation,":[69],"verification,":[70],"adversarial":[71],"testing,":[72],"error":[73],"correction,":[74],"preservation":[77,147],"unsuccessful":[79],"results.":[80],"Particular":[81],"attention":[82],"is":[83,160,193,232],"given":[84],"to":[85],"opportunities":[87],"limitations":[89],"AI-assisted":[91],"scientific":[92,110,189,210],"investigation.":[93],"discusses":[96],"how":[97],"AI":[98],"systems":[99],"can":[100],"support":[101],"hypothesis":[102],"development,":[103],"numerical":[104,143],"analysis,":[105],"software":[106],"engineering,":[107],"documentation,":[108],"criticism,":[111],"while":[112],"also":[113],"introducing":[114],"risks":[115],"involving":[116],"unsupported":[117],"interpretations,":[118],"implementation":[119],"errors,":[120],"reproducibility":[121],"failures,":[122],"excessive":[124],"confidence":[125],"in":[126,205,209],"outputs.":[128],"describes":[131],"workflow":[134],"emphasizing":[135],"oversight,":[137],"explicit":[138],"acceptance":[140],"criteria,":[141],"checks,":[144],"provenance":[145],"tracking,":[146],"negative":[149],"results,":[150],"transparent":[152],"reporting":[153],"unresolved":[155],"uncertainties.":[156],"central":[158],"contribution":[159],"documented":[162],"framework":[164],"practical":[166],"lessons":[167],"from":[168],"program,":[172],"rather":[173],"claim":[176],"that":[177],"has":[180],"independently":[181],"discovered":[182],"new":[183],"physical":[184],"laws":[185],"or":[186],"demonstrated":[187],"superior":[188],"productivity.":[190],"intended":[194],"for":[195],"researchers,":[197],"citizen":[198],"scientists,":[199],"physicists,":[201],"developers":[203],"interested":[204],"responsible":[206],"human\u2013AI":[207],"research.":[211],"Publication":[212],"status:":[213],"Preprint;":[214],"not":[215],"peer":[216],"reviewed.":[217],"findings":[219],"are":[220],"exploratory,":[223],"no":[225],"formal":[226],"validation":[227],"improved":[229],"productivity":[231],"claimed.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}