{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225045837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","title":"Twin Deficits Across 140 Economies, 1990\u20132024: An Exact Private-Offset Identity, Between Versus Within Slopes, and India","display_name":"Twin Deficits Across 140 Economies, 1990\u20132024: An Exact Private-Offset Identity, Between Versus Within Slopes, and India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225045837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23850611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159002730","display_name":"Manoj Kumar Aguru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266258","display_name":"Chaitanya","ror":"https://ror.org/01m1bpg27","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aguru, Manoj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Former Officer, Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank (CGGB)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Former Officer, Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank (CGGB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159002730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266258"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.76419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.76419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.17299999296665192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.029400000348687172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twin-deficits","display_name":"twin deficits","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-account-deficit","display_name":"current account deficit","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-balance","display_name":"budget balance","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-account","display_name":"current account","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52092804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56872446","display_name":"Current account","level":3,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22674136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192796","display_name":"Balance of trade","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183206440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46834","display_name":"Balance sheet","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18747219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994","display_name":"Standard error","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992690401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Government expenditure","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23850611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23850612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23850611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23850611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009891956","https://openalex.org/W2187717253","https://openalex.org/W2894493352","https://openalex.org/W2911647000","https://openalex.org/W7098193310","https://openalex.org/W3173648400","https://openalex.org/W4293152053","https://openalex.org/W3216386371","https://openalex.org/W1534664826","https://openalex.org/W3135321029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"a":[1,7],"larger":[2,8],"government":[3,21],"deficit":[4],"come":[5],"with":[6,80,159],"current-account":[9],"deficit?":[10],"Using":[11],"World":[12],"Bank":[13],"data":[14],"on":[15,46,58,119],"the":[16,41,55,59,64,71,88,113,116,120,124,161,167,173,176,199,203,214],"current":[17,56,216],"account":[18,57,217],"and":[19,31,87,142,149,166,172,178],"general":[20],"net":[22],"lending":[23],"(both":[24],"percent":[25],"of":[26,54,90,115,132,211],"GDP)":[27],"for":[28],"140":[29],"economies":[30],"3,424":[32],"country-years":[33],"from":[34,98,126],"1990":[35],"to":[36],"2024,":[37],"I":[38,105],"show":[39],"that":[40,107],"answer":[42],"depends":[43],"almost":[44],"entirely":[45],"which":[47],"variation":[48],"is":[49,62,69,77,93,102,128,138,164,170,181],"used.":[50],"The":[51,95,135],"pooled":[52],"slope":[53,65,72,89,97,109,114,163,169],"fiscal":[60,121,179,185,205],"balance":[61,118,206],"0.88,":[63],"across":[66,140],"country":[67,162],"averages":[68],"1.10,":[70],"within":[73,145],"countries":[74,141,146],"over":[75],"time":[76],"0.77":[78],"(0.80":[79],"year":[81,201],"effects;":[82],"clustered":[83],"standard":[84],"error":[85],"0.089),":[86],"first":[91],"differences":[92],"0.52.":[94],"median":[96,204,215],"116":[99],"country-specific":[100],"regressions":[101],"only":[103],"0.27.":[104],"prove":[106],"each":[108],"equals":[110],"one":[111,127],"plus":[112],"private":[117,133,136,177,192],"balance,":[122],"so":[123],"gap":[125],"an":[129],"exact":[130],"measure":[131],"offset.":[134],"offset":[137],"zero":[139],"about":[143,150],"one-quarter":[144],"in":[147,152],"levels,":[148],"one-half":[151],"annual":[153],"changes.":[154],"For":[155],"India":[156],"(30":[157],"years":[158],"data)":[160],"0.13":[165],"first-difference":[168],"0.15,":[171],"correlation":[174],"between":[175],"balances":[180],"minus":[182],"0.58:":[183],"Indian":[184],"deficits":[186],"have":[187],"been":[188],"mostly":[189],"matched":[190],"by":[191,195,208,219],"surpluses,":[193],"not":[194],"external":[196],"deficits.":[197],"In":[198],"pandemic":[200],"2020":[202],"fell":[207],"4.8":[209],"points":[210],"GDP":[212],"while":[213],"rose":[218],"0.45":[220],"points.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}
