{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225044566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","title":"A CT Lesion Foundation Model for Non\u2010Invasive Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Aggressiveness and Prediction of Recurrence Risk","display_name":"A CT Lesion Foundation Model for Non\u2010Invasive Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Aggressiveness and Prediction of Recurrence Risk","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225044566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42966909","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13723727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/advs.78587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.78587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737737698","display_name":"Advanced Science","issn_l":"2198-3844","issn":["2198-3844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.78587","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705293","display_name":"Wei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-4050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-4050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-4050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063137498","display_name":"Zhehan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-0681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-0681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhehan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-0681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153049705","display_name":"Mengsi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159865","display_name":"Xiangya Hospital Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05c1yfj14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159865"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengsi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130120422","display_name":"Jianxin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5081-0479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5081-0479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5081-0479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160323936","display_name":"Ji Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9427-4710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9427-4710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9427-4710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110374365","display_name":"Yang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2066-9022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2066-9022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2066-9022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052969156","display_name":"Wenzheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0388-4021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0388-4021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159865","display_name":"Xiangya Hospital Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05c1yfj14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159865"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0388-4021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071084413","display_name":"Shunjie Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-5912","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-5912"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shunjie Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160284368","display_name":"Lin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8419-4457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8419-4457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8419-4457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043453271","display_name":"Ruokun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-0013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-0013","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0072-3105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801556517","display_name":"Ruijin Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hv94n30","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruokun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-0013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology &amp; Faculty of Medical Imaging Technology Ruijin Hospital College of Health Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043453271","https://openalex.org/A5071084413","https://openalex.org/A5160284368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930","https://openalex.org/I2801556517"],"apc_list":{"value":6730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6730},"apc_paid":{"value":6730,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6730},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82525539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.11469999700784683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-supervised-learning","display_name":"self-supervised learning","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microvascular-invasion","display_name":"microvascular invasion","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-grade","display_name":"tumor grade","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrence-risk-prediction","display_name":"recurrence risk prediction","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrence-free-survival","display_name":"recurrence-free survival","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-imaging-biomarkers","display_name":"prognostic imaging biomarkers","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-heterogeneity","display_name":"tumor heterogeneity","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-resection","display_name":"hepatectomy","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8607000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.7498999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020404979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk stratification","level":2,"score":0.7027000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.607200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33525","display_name":"Carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986432223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449740","display_name":"Risk model","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513090587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426449","display_name":"Interventional radiology","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/advs.78587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.78587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737737698","display_name":"Advanced Science","issn_l":"2198-3844","issn":["2198-3844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13723727","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723727/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723727/pdf/ADVS-9999-e78587.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Adv Sci (Weinh)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42966909","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42966909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/advs.78587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78587","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.78587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737737698","display_name":"Advanced Science","issn_l":"2198-3844","issn":["2198-3844"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1472783422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YG2026QNB01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G502148850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82471939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225044566.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225044566.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985987855","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2103912979","https://openalex.org/W2155106513","https://openalex.org/W2179438025","https://openalex.org/W2625559053","https://openalex.org/W2763355946","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2883683269","https://openalex.org/W2893608205","https://openalex.org/W2900879077","https://openalex.org/W2921899076","https://openalex.org/W2942610007","https://openalex.org/W2944280089","https://openalex.org/W2950221693","https://openalex.org/W2985583390","https://openalex.org/W3087952073","https://openalex.org/W3090908075","https://openalex.org/W3175752499","https://openalex.org/W4210309971","https://openalex.org/W4210774372","https://openalex.org/W4308834893","https://openalex.org/W4317209201","https://openalex.org/W4362523387","https://openalex.org/W4365143687","https://openalex.org/W4366984289","https://openalex.org/W4377011124","https://openalex.org/W4386859679","https://openalex.org/W4387055433","https://openalex.org/W4388466223","https://openalex.org/W4391109864","https://openalex.org/W4392850630","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4398201291","https://openalex.org/W4400584482","https://openalex.org/W4400889241","https://openalex.org/W4403628833","https://openalex.org/W4403684358","https://openalex.org/W4403905575","https://openalex.org/W4404413787","https://openalex.org/W4405436927","https://openalex.org/W4405564831","https://openalex.org/W4410026734","https://openalex.org/W4410253436","https://openalex.org/W4412531782","https://openalex.org/W4415773165","https://openalex.org/W4415913530","https://openalex.org/W4415988375","https://openalex.org/W4416082112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202278855","https://openalex.org/W4416367578","https://openalex.org/W2390223830","https://openalex.org/W4415624035","https://openalex.org/W4385804164","https://openalex.org/W4317419746","https://openalex.org/W4416908736","https://openalex.org/W4404365474","https://openalex.org/W7221603516","https://openalex.org/W7055476081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hepatocellular":[0],"carcinoma":[1],"(HCC)":[2],"remains":[3,36],"a":[4,45],"leading":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,21,89,114,135,178,186],"cancer-related":[8],"mortality":[9],"worldwide,":[10],"with":[11,38,141,159],"high":[12],"recurrence":[13,25,181],"rates":[14],"following":[15],"curative":[16],"resection.":[17],"Accurate":[18],"non-invasive":[19,174],"assessment":[20],"tumor":[22,119],"aggressiveness":[23],"and":[24,32,59,73,92,99,102,118,137,175,184],"risk":[26,124,155,182],"is":[27],"critical":[28],"for":[29,94,104,145],"surgical":[30],"decision-making":[31],"postoperative":[33],"surveillance,":[34],"yet":[35],"challenging":[37],"conventional":[39],"imaging":[40,68,189],"modalities.":[41],"Here,":[42],"we":[43],"developed":[44],"CT":[46,62,168],"lesion":[47,58,169],"foundation":[48,170],"model":[49,109],"(LFM),":[50],"trained":[51],"via":[52],"self-supervised":[53],"learning":[54],"on":[55],"32,120":[56],"generic":[57],"6,387":[60],"HCC-specific":[61],"patches":[63],"to":[64],"capture":[65],"transferable":[66],"intra-lesional":[67],"phenotypes.":[69],"Across":[70],"one":[71],"internal":[72],"two":[74],"external":[75],"validation":[76],"cohorts,":[77],"the":[78,86],"sequentially":[79],"pretrained":[80],"LFM":[81],"(LFM-Seq)":[82],"achieved":[83],"area":[84],"under":[85,112],"curve":[87],"values":[88],"0.916,":[90],"0.846,":[91],"0.920":[93],"microvascular":[95],"invasion":[96],"(MVI)":[97],"assessment,":[98],"0.833,":[100],"0.885":[101],"0.795":[103],"pathological":[105],"grade":[106],"assessment.":[107],"The":[108],"remained":[110,138],"robust":[111,176],"scenarios":[113],"limited":[115],"training":[116],"data":[117],"localization":[120],"perturbations.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"LFM-Seq-derived":[123,154],"scores":[125],"stratified":[126],"recurrence-free":[127],"survival":[128],"(RFS),":[129],"yielding":[130],"an":[131],"externally":[132],"validated":[133],"C-index":[134],"0.701,":[136],"independently":[139],"associated":[140,158],"RFS":[142],"after":[143],"adjusting":[144],"clinicopathological":[146],"factors.":[147],"Exploratory":[148],"biological":[149],"interpretability":[150],"analyses":[151],"showed":[152],"that":[153,167],"phenotypes":[156],"were":[157],"suppressed":[160],"lymphocyte-related":[161],"immune":[162],"programs.":[163],"These":[164],"results":[165],"suggest":[166],"models":[171],"can":[172],"support":[173],"characterization":[177],"HCC":[179],"aggressiveness,":[180],"stratification":[183],"discovery":[185],"interpretable":[187],"prognostic":[188],"biomarkers.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-02T00:00:00"}
